THE DEVELOPMENT

OF
MODERN DISCIPLINE
Prepared by:

REXQAL TRAVAL
MARLISA LUAS

GROUP
DYNAMICS
by

FRITZ REDL & WILLIAM

WATTENBERG

o Much student behavior is

caused by forces detectible only
in larger groups.
o Group dynamics account for
phenomena such as group spirit,
group norms, and expectations,
imitative behavior, desire to
excel, scapegoating of certain
students and providing hiding
places for non achievers.

o To control misbehavior
a) Identify and soften typical causes
of misbehavior.
b)Clarify and discuss student roles
and teacher roles.
c) Involve students in deciding how
misbehavior should be handled.

d)Maintain responsible
student behavior by using
influence technique
rather than threat and
punishment.

SHAPING
BEHAVIOR
B.F. SKINNER

o Voluntary behavior is shaped by

reinforcement which we receive
immediately after performing an
act.
o A stimulus (something the
individual receives) can strengthen
a particular behavior but only if it is
received after the behavior occur.
o Reinforcing stimuli knowledge of
results, peer approval, awards,
teacher smiles, nods, praise

o Constant reinforcement helps

new learning become
established quickly.
o Intermittent reinforcement,
given occasionally is sufficient to
maintain desired behavior once
it is established.
o However, now teacher
considering it akin to bribing
students to get them to behave
acceptably.

o Teacher realizes it was far easier

just to teach students how they
should and should not behave.

CHOICE THEORY
by
WILLIAM GLASSER

o Glasser believed a great many of our

personal problems are due to
unsatisfactory or nonexistent
connections with people upon whom
we depend.
o Reality therapy provides a means for
troubled people to connect or
reconnect with others important in
their lives such as teachers.

o Glassers suggestion for working

effectively:
a) Focus on the present.
b)Avoid criticizing and blaming.
c) Remain nonjudgmental and
noncoercive
d)Dont get bogged down in
excuses.
e) Put together specific workable
plans for connecting with
people important to you.

o To gain educatorss immediate

attention:
a) The problem with failure
b) The power of choice
c) The value of class meetings

LESSON MANAGEMENT
by
JACOB KOUNIN

o Good discipline was not so much

dependent on what teachers did
when misbehavior occurred but
on how a teacher presented
lesson and dealt with various
groups in the class.
o The more effective teachers
managed their lessons so that
students were kept alert, on task
and involved.

o Group alerting- teachers obtained

students full attention before giving
directions or making explanations.
o Teacher maintained student
accountability by calling on students
from time to time to respond,
demonstrate or explain.
o Withitness -Teacher displayed a constant
awareness of what the students were
doing in the classroom at all times.

o Lesson momentum forward

movement of the lesson, with no
confusion or dead spots.
o Hold students accountable for
attention and participation and
stop before reaching students
point of satiation.

CONGRUENT
COMMUNICATION
BY
HAIM GINOTT

o Congruent communicationcommunication that is

harmonious with students
feelings about situations and
themselves.
o Sane messages- address
situations rather than the
students character or past
behavior
o Teacher do not preach,
moralize, impose guilt or
demand promises but treat

o Teachers invite cooperation

from the students by describing
and find for solution together.
o Evaluative praise is worse than
no praise at all.
o Eg : a) evaluative praise
- good boy for raising up you
hands.
b) appreaciative praise
- Thank you for remembering
to raise you hand.
o Avoid asking Wh- questions.

NEEDS AND DEMOCRATIC TEACHING

RUDOLF DREIKURS

o Learning occurs best in

democratic classrooms that
emphasize active student
involvement, promote a sense
of belonging and foster selfdiscipline.
o Identify and address the
mistaken goal if reflects and
discuss with students.
o Democratic classroom helps
students develop self-control
based on social interest.

o Autocratic classroom
teacher makes all decision
and imposes them on
students.
o Permissive classroom
teacher overlooks students
failure to comply with rules
and conduct themselves.

o Democratic classroom:
a) Always speak in positive terms
b) Encourage students to strive for
improvement
c) Help students learn from
mistakes.
d) Encourage responsibility and
independence
e) Show faith in students.

o Encourage students to
help each other
o Show pride in students
work.
o Be optimistic and
enthusiastic
o Use encouraging remarks