Beruflich Dokumente
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Contents
Manipulating surds
Simplifying surds
Adding and subtracting surds
Expanding brackets containing surds
Rationalizing the denominator
The index laws
Zero and negative indices
Fractional indices
1 of 38
2, 3
3 or
5,
When the square root of a number, for example 2,
or 5,is
irrational, it is often preferable to write it with the root sign.
Numbers written in this form are called surds.
Can you explain why 1.69
1.69 is not a surd?
1.69 is not a surd because it is not irrational.
1.69
169
1.69 =
100
169
=
100
13
=
10
= 1.3
a
a
=
b
b
a a =a
ab = a b .
80 = 165
= 9 5
= 16 5
=3 5
=4 5
45 + 80 = 3 5 + 4 5 = 7 5
5
5 2
=
2
2
2
2)
3
2
2 3
=
3
3
3
2
5
3
3)
4 7
5
2
=
5
5
10
5
3
3 7
=
28
4 7
7
Working:
3 1
3 1
= 6 2 3 3 + 1
=7 3 3
a to the power of 5
Simplify:
a a a a a = a5
a5 has been written using index notation.
The number a is
called the base.
an
In general:
n of these
an = a a a a
= a3 = a (5 2)
4pppppp
4p 2p =
= 2p2 = 2p(6 4)
2pppp
6
In general:
am an = a(m n)
= (y y y) (y y y)
= p4 q (2 + 2 + 2 + 2)
= y6 = y32
= p4 q8
= p4q8 = p14q24
In general:
(am)n = amn
y0 = 1
In general:
a0 = 1
(for all a 0)
1
u
This is the
reciprocal of u.
2) 2n =
2
n4
3) x2y3 =
x2
y3
5a
4) 5a(3 b) =
(3 b )2
2
1
2
a a =a
1+1
2 2
= a1
=a
But
So
a= a a
1
2
a = a
1
2
a is the square
root of a.
THANK
YOU.