PRIVACY,

TERRITORIALITY,
DEFENSIBILE SPACES

PERSONAL SPACE
invisible boundary surrounding
the persons body into which
intruders may not come

4 DISTANCE ZONES
Intimate Distance
Personal Distance
Social Distance
Public Distance

PRIVACY
the ability of an individual or groups
of individuals to control their visual,
auditory, olfactory interactions with
others
the ability to have options and to
achieve desired level of interactions

KINDS OF PRIVACY
Solitude: state of being free from
observation by others
Intimacy: state of being with another
person but free from the outside world
Anonymity: state of being unknown even in
a crowd
Reserve: state in which a person employs
psychological barriers to control unwanted
intrusions

CROWDING
associated with a feeling of lack of
control over the environment
leads to negative behavior because
they are related to social overload
results from overmanning of
behavior settings

DESIGN IMPLICATIONS
need for privacy greater for
introverts than for extroverts
extroverts like contrast with the
environment
introverts like courtyards

DESIGN IMPLICATIONS
extroverts like strong central
plans
introverts like complex
internal relationships and clear
territorial patterns
people under stress need
more privacy for workplaces

LEVELS OF PRIVACY AND

CULTURE
traditional Islamic dwelling
vs.traditional American
dwelling
the delineation of spaces in
the traditional bahay kubo, the
bahay the bato

LEVELS OF PRIVACY AND

CLIMATE
trade-offs between privacy and
comfort
physiological comfort vs.
cultural requirements

PERSONALIZATION
staking claims to places
manifestation of desire for
control and expression of
aesthetic tastes
effort to make an environment
fit activity better
done for psychological security

TERRITORIALITY
a delimited space that a
person or a group uses and
defends as an exclusive
preserve
involves psychological
identification with a place

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF TERRITORIES
ownership of and rights to a
place
personalization of marking of an
area
defense against intrusions
serve functions ranging from
physiological to self-actualization

SYSTEM OF HUMAN
TERRITORIES
Defensible Space: a space
that affords easy
recognition and control of
activities
Levels:
visual access
adjacency
monitored by computers
or cameras

TERRITORIAL VARIATION
as a factor of:
social class
civil status
religion

SOFT ARCHITECTURE
the building or environment
can be personalized without
damage to them or without
difficult surgery