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Mission Statement
from API 682 First Edition
Second Edition
Success of First
Edition
Applications outside of
refineries
Application to non-API
610
Advancement in
sealing technology
Creation of an
International standard
4
Third Edition
Review by ISO
member countries
Few technical changes
Some editorial
changes including
minor reorganization
One new piping plan
Released as
ISO 21049 and
API 682 3rd Edition
5
Scope of Standard
Comparison of First and Second Editions
First Edition
Second/Third
Edition
Size
Temperature
-40F to 500F
(-40C to 260C)
-40F to 750F
(-40C to 400C)
Pressure (absolute)
0 to 515 PSIA
(0 to 34.5 bar)
0 to 615 PSIA
(0 to 42 bar)
Fluids
Pumps
Seal Types
Over the years, seal companies have
released numerous designs and
variations
No standardization in seal designs,
materials, or dimensions
Challenge for API 682 Task Force was
to create standard seal types defining
seal design, materials, installation
envelope, and operating windows
7
Type A Seal
Type B Seal
Type C Seal
10
Rotating vs Stationary
The default Type A and Type B seals have a
rotating flexible element
A stationary flexible element is an alternate
The default Type C seal has a stationary
flexible element
A rotating flexible element is an alternate
If surface speed at the faces exceeds 4500
ft/min (23 m/s), a stationary flexible element
must be used
11
Seal Arrangements
The seal arrangement defines the
number or seals, their orientation, and
details about the seals operation
Designations
Contacting wet (CW)
Containment seals (CS)
Non-contacting dry-running
Contacting dry-running
Non-contacting (NC)
Wet running seals
Dry-running dual seals
12
Containment Seal - CS
Designed as a dry running backup seal
Outer seal in a dual non-pressurized
arrangement
May be either a non-contacting or
contacting design
Operates on buffer gas or vaporized
process fluid
Run for 25,000 hours at 10 PSI and at
least 8 hours under process conditions
14
Non-Contacting Seal - NC
May be used as a primary seal or as a
dual pressurized seal
Seal is designed to create
hydrodynamic forces to separate the
faces under all operating conditions
Designed to run for a minimum of
25,000 hours
15
16
Arrangement 1
Arrangement 2
Liquid Buffer Fluid
2CW-CW configuration
Dual non-pressurized seal with a liquid buffer
fluid
Same as the First Edition Arrangement 2 seal
18
Arrangement 2
Vapor or No Buffer Fluid
2CW-CS configuration
Contacting wet seal with a dry running
containment seal
Containment seal may be either contacting or
non-contacting
19
Arrangement 2
Vapor or No Buffer Fluid
2NC-CS configuration
Inner seal is designed to be non-contacting
and operate with liquid, vapor, or mixed phase
process
Outer seal a containment seal
20
Arrangement 3
Liquid Barrier Fluid
3CW-FB configuration
Contacting wet seals oriented in a series (or
face-to-back) orientation
Default Arrangement 3 liquid seal
Same as the First Edition Arrangement 3 seal
21
Arrangement 3
Liquid Barrier Fluid
22
Arrangement 3
Gas Barrier Fluid
3NC-BB configuration
Default Arrangement 3 gas seal
Non-contacting gas seals in a back-to-back
orientation
23
Arrangement 3
Gas Barrier Fluid
24
Categories
Different applications may require
different levels of seal sophistication
Current practice of specifying modified
API-682 seals
Size restrictions based on pump
construction
Cost impact of seals
25
Categories
Three categories
Category 1 General duty services in
chemical pumps
Category 2 Heavy duty services;
similar to API-610 7th edition seals
Category 3 Heavy duty services;
similar to API 682 First Edition seals
26
Comparison of Categories
FEATURE
CATEGORY 1
CATEGORY 2
CATEGORY 3
Temperature range
-40C to 260C
-40F to 500F
-40C to 400C
-40F to 750F
-40C to 400C
-40F to 750F
Pressure range
absolute
22 bar
315 PSIA
42 bar
615 PSIA
42 bar
615 PSIA
Face materials
Carbon vs reaction
bonded SiC
Carbon vs reaction
bonded SiC
Distributed flush
requirements
When required or
specified
When required or
specified
Required
Required
Required inside
and outside bolt
circle diameter
Required inside
and outside bolt
circle diameter
27
Comparison of Categories
FEATURE
CATEGORY 1
CATEGORY 2
CATEGORY 3
None
10mm increments
10mm increments
Throttle bushing
requirements
Fixed carbon,
floating carbon
optional
Fixed non-sparking
metal, floating
carbon optional
Floating carbon
Pumping ring HQ
curve required
No
If specified
Required
Scope of vendor
qualification test
Test as Category 1
unless faces tested
as Category 3
Test as Category 1
unless faces tested
as Category 3
Test as Category 3
as entire seal
assembly
Minimal
Rigorous including
qualification tests
Contract data
requirements
Minimal
Rigorous
Minimal
28
Dimensions
Purchaser shall
specify if the order is
to be provided in SI
or US Customary
units
This includes data,
drawings, hardware,
fasteners, and other
equipment
30
Design Requirements
Design requirements are divided into
three areas
General these requirements pertain to
all API-682 seals
Category Specific this section defines
requirements that are specific to each seal
category
Arrangement and Configuration Specific
these sections define requirements
specific for each seal configuration
31
33
Minimum clearance
between rotating and
stationary components
3mm (with some
exceptions)
Glands designed for
MAWP of pump
Glands provided with
holes (not slots)
Shoulder at least 3mm
behind face in gland
34
Seal chamber
pressure must be at
least .35 bar (5 PSI)
Floating throat
bushings may be
required
Gland and seal
chamber
connections must be
permanently marked
35
Connections
Configuration
Symbol
1CW-FX
1CW-FL
F
FI
FO
D
Q
H
C
Flush
Flush In (Plan 23 only)
Flush Out (Plan 23 only)
Drain
Quench
Heating
Cooling
0
180
0
180
90
-
Process
Process
Process
Atmo
Atmo
Utility
Utility
2CW-CW
F
LBI
LBO
D
Q
0
180
0
180
90
Process
Process
Process
Atmo
Atmo
Note 3
Note 4
Note 5
Connection
Location
Type
Size
Cat I
Size
Cat II and III
Required
(Note 3)
(Note 3)
(Note 3 & 6)
3/8 (Note 5)
3/8 (Note 5)
(Note 3)
(Note 3)
3/8
3/8
Required
WS
WS
Required
Required
WS
WS
(Note 3)
(Note 4)
(Note 4)
3/8 (Note 5)
3/8 (Note 5)
3/8
3/8
Required
Required
Required
WS
WS
A 3/8 NPT connection may be used if NPT not possible due to space constraints.
A NPT required for shaft diameters 63.5 mm (2.5 inch) or smaller, NPT for larger sizes
A NPT connection may be used if 3/8 NPT is not possible due to space constraints
36
Connections
Configuration
Symbol
2CW-CS
F
FI
FO
GBI
CSV
CSD
D
Q
0
180
0
90
0
180
180
90
Process
Process
Process
Process
Process
Process
Atmo
Atmo
2NC-CS
GBI
CSV
CSD
D
Q
90
0
180
180
90
Process
Process
Process
Atmo
Atmo
Note 3
Note 4
Note 5
Connection
Location
Type
Size
Cat I
Size
Cat II and III
Required
(Note 3)
(Note 3 & 6)
3/8 (Note 5)
3/8 (Note 5)
3/8
3/8
Required
WS
WS
WS
Required
Required
WS
WS
3/8 (Note 5)
3/8 (Note 5)
3/8
3/8
WS
Required
Required
WS
WS
A 3/8 NPT connection may be used if NPT not possible due to space constraints.
A NPT required for shaft diameters 63.5 mm (2.5 inch) or smaller, NPT for larger sizes
A NPT connection may be used if 3/8 NPT is not possible due to space constraints
37
Connections
Configuration
Symbol
3CW-FB
3CW-FF
3CW-BB
F
LBI
LBO
D
Q
0
180
0
180
90
Process
Barrier
Barrier
Atmo
Atmo
3NC-FF
3NC-BB
3NC-FB
F
GBI
GBO
D
Q
0
0
180
180
90
Process
Barrier
Barrier
Atmo
Atmo
Note 3
Note 4
Note 5
Connection
Location
Type
Size
Cat I
Size
Cat II and III
Required
(Note 4)
(Note 4)
3/8 (Note 5)
3/8 (Note 5)
(Note 4)
(Note 4)
3/8
3/8
WS
Required
Required
WS
WS
3/8 (Note 5)
3/8 (Note 5)
3/8
3/8
WS
Required
Required
WS
WS
A 3/8 NPT connection may be used if NPT not possible due to space constraints.
A NPT required for shaft diameters 63.5 mm (2.5 inch) or smaller, NPT for larger sizes
A NPT connection may be used if 3/8 NPT is not possible due to space constraints
38
Sleeve
Diameter
inch
Max
diametrical
clearance
mm
Max
diametrical
clearance
inch
0 to 50
0 to 2.00
0,18
0.007
51 to 80
2.01 to 3.00
0,225
0.009
81 to 120
3.01 to 4.74
0,28
0.011
39
Sleeves thickness to
be minimum of 2,5
mm (0.100 in)
Sleeve in areas of
set screws defined
Shaft
Diameter
mm
Sleeve
Diameter
inch
Minimum
Sleeve
Radial
Thickness
mm
Minimum
Sleeve
Radial
Thickness
Inch
< 57
< 2.25
2,5
0.100
57 to 80
2.25 to 3.25
3,8
0.150
> 80
> 3.25
5,1
0.200
40
41
Seal Sleeves
Springs
Secondary Sealing
Components
Metal Bellows
Gland Plates
Miscellaneous
42
Arrangement Specific
Arrangement 1
Arrangement 2
Arrangement 3
43
44
Accessories
Accessories are components other than the seal
that are required to create an acceptable sealing
environment. This includes:
Cyclone Separators
Cyclone separators
should be the flow
limiting device
Solids should have a
density at least twice
that of the fluid
On between bearing
pumps, each seal shall
have its own separator
Default material is
austenitic stainless steel
49
51
Buffer/Barrier Reservoirs
Reservoirs have specific
requirements for features,
connections, dimensions,
volumes, and materials
For shaft diameters over 60
mm (2.50 in), volume of
liquid shall be a mimumum
of 20 l (5 gallons)
For smaller shaft diameters,
volume of liquid shall be a
minimum of 12 l (3 gallons)
53
Buffer/Barrier Reservoirs
3 gallon reservoirs are
constructed of 6 inch
schedule 40 pipe.
5 gallon reservoirs are
constructed of 8 inch
schedule 40 pipe
Cooling coils to be 0.500
inch tube with minimum
0.065 inch wall thickness
Both fixed and removable
head designs are available
54
55
Instrumentation
Standard covers
basic requirements
for the following
components:
Temperature
indicating gauges
Thermowells
Pressure gauges
Switches
Pressure switches
Level switches
Flow switches
Level indicators
Flow indicators
Relief valves
Regulators
57
Qualification Testing
Easy for a standard to create a goal of
25,000 hours of service but difficult to
prove it
Concern from users that seals should
be tested under real world conditions
Testing is designed to provide the user
with a level of confidence that the seals
will perform as required by the standard
59
Qualification Testing
Testing will qualify a seal model so testing
only needs to be done once for a specific seal
Not intended as testing for actual job seals
Two sizes need to be tested: a small size with
a balance diameter between 50mm to 75mm
(2.0 to 3.0 inches) and a large size with a
balance diameter between 100mm to 127mm
(4.0 to 5.0 inches)
60
Qualification Testing
Testing requirements are different between
the seal categories
Category 3 seals must be tested in the same
configuration as is being offered
Category 1 and 2 seals may be tested in the
same configuration as is offered or it may be
designed with seal faces that have been
qualified in other testing
Allowance for seal face materials to be
qualified as a mating pair to cut down on the
number of tests required
61
Qualification Testing
End users identified typical refinery
applications based on process fluids,
temperatures and pressures
Selected five test fluids that are
representative of these applications and
that were acceptable for lab testing
Developed a set of steady state and
cyclic conditions that would simulate
actual field conditions
62
Test Fluids
63
64
65
66
68
70
71
Minimum Performance
Requirements
First Edition had no acceptance criteria for
qualification tests
Second Edition has criteria
At the end of the testing, the wear on the seal
faces shall be less than 1% of the available
wear
Single seals and containment seals must have
less than 1000 PPM measurable emissions
during propane tests or an average leakage
rate less than 5.6 gr/hr during other tests
72
Overview of Annexes
Annexes comprise almost exactly half of
the pages in API 682 Second Edition
Contain support material for the standard
Consists of both normative and informative
sections
Normative annexes are enforceable parts
of the standard
Informative annexes are for information
only
75
Annex F Mechanical
seal data sheets
Annex G Mechanical
seal data requirement
form
Annex H Seal and
pump vendor interface
paragraphs
Annex I Mechanical
seal test qualification
form
Annex J Mechanical
seal code
76
Fluid Types
Basic refinery fluids have been divided into
three application groups:
Non-hydrocarbon these fluids include water,
sour water, caustic, amines, crystallizing fluids,
and some acids
Non-flashing hydrocarbons this covers
hydrocarbons with a vapor pressure less than
1 bar (14.5 PSIA)
Flashing hydrocarbons This group covers
hydrocarbons with a vapor pressure greater
than 1 bar (14.5 PSI)
78
Selection Flowchart
Each application
group has its own
path although all
application groups
share some common
selection procedures
Selection charts for
seal type and piping
plans are unique for
each fluid type
79
Identify Service
Identify application (fluid, temperature, pressure, speed,
contaminants, etc.)
Classify fluid as non-hydrocarbon, non-flashing
hydrocarbon, or flashing hydrocarbon
Determine if application is outside the range of the
selection criteria
80
Water
Water
Water
Pumping
Temp, F
< 180
<180
>180
Pressure,
Category 1
<300
Pressure,
Cat. 2 and 3
<300 PSI
300 to 600
PSI
<600 PSI
Standard
seal type
Options
when
specified
B
C
ES
ES
<300
Required
special
features
Abrasive
particles
Fluid
circulating
device
Hardface
to
hardface
Hardface
to
hardface
Hardface
to
hardface
82
Tutorials
Along with the selection procedure,
Annex A also includes extensive
tutorials
Background of selection procedure
Guidelines for specific applications
Insights into the seal arrangement
selection questions
Tutorials on piping plans
86
Piping Plans
The complete listing of piping plans is
covered in Annex D
Continuation of piping plans from the
First Edition
New piping plans introduced:
Moved over from API 610
Variations of dual pressurized liquid plans
Plans for containment and dual gas seals
87
Plan 14
88
Plan 53A
89
Plan 53B
90
Plan 53C
91
Plan 65
92
Plan 71
93
Plan 72
94
Plan 74
95
Plan 75
96
Plan 76
97
Data Sheets
First Edition has a five-page seal data sheet
along with a two-page pump data sheet
The Second Edition only requires the user to
fill out a two-page data sheet
Categories 1 and 2 are grouped together and
have a two-page data sheet
Category 3 has a separate two-page data
sheet
Data sheets are available in both SI and US
Customary units
98
Data Sheets
Hard copies may
be reproduced
from the
standard
Excel
spreadsheet
copies are also
available
99
Seal Code
Informative
Different from 1st Edition
Different from API 610
Four segment code
Seal Code
C1A1B11
Category 1 seal
Arrangement 1 (single seal)
Type B seal (bellows)
Plan 11
C3A3A53B
Category 3 seal
Arrangement 3 (dual pressurized seal)
Type A seal (pusher)
Plan 53B (liquid barrier fluid pressurized
by a bladder accumulator)
101
Questions?
102