Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
modern architecture
Outline
Introduction
Part I. Modern Architecture
Part II. Top ten
Conclusion
References
Introduction
As the 20th century began modern architects believed it was
necessary to invent an architecture that expressed the spirit of a
new age and would surpass the styles, materials, and
technologies of earlier architecture
Their aesthetic celebrated function in all forms of design,
household furnishings, ocean liners and new flying machines
Modern architecture also challenged traditional ideas about the
types of structures suitable for architectural design
Important civic buildings, aristocratic palaces, churches, and
public institutions had long been the mainstay of architectural
practices, but modernist designers argued that architects should
design all that was necessary for society, even the most humble
buildings
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Tower Bridge
Built between 1886 and 1894, bridge on the Thames River in
London, near the Tower of London, one of the city's principal
landmarks
It was the only movable bridge crossing the Thames when it
was completed in 1894. Sir Horace Jones designed the bridge,
and Sir John Wolfe Barry built it
150,000 vehicles cross it every day. Over 900 times a year the
roadway parts and lifts to let tall ships, cruise liners and other
large craft pass through
t was a hydraulically operated bridge, using steam to power
the enormous pumping engines; since 1976 they have been
driven by oil and electricity rather than steam
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La Dfense
Modern architectural development to the west of central Paris,
the largest concentration of tall buildings in Europe
Begun in 1958, the complex consists predominantly of office
buildings
Dominating La Dfense is the futuristic Grande Arche,
completed in 1989, by Danish architect Johann Otto von
Spreckelsen
An office tower in the shape of an enormous open cube 105 m
on a side, it echoes in modern language the shape of (and is
exactly the same width as) the famous Arc de Triomphe with
which it is visibly aligned
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Golden Gate
Strait in western California, at the entrance to San Francisco
Bay, separating the bay from the Pacific Ocean
The strait is 8 km long and narrows to 1 km in width
The bridge crosses the strait to connect San Francisco, on the
south, with Marin County, on the north
The American explorer John Charles Frmont gave the strait
the name Golden Gate in 1846
Bridge conceived by Joseph Strauss, assisted by Irving
morrow; inauguration in 1937; painted in orange international
The Golden Gate National Recreation Area, established in
1972 by the National Park Service, extends north and south of
the Golden Gate and also includes Alcatraz
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St. Louis
City in eastern Missouri, extending along the west bank of the
Mississippi River
St. Louis is one of the Midwest's principal industrial,
commercial, educational, and cultural centers
St. Louis was established in 1764 by French fur traders and
named in honor of Louis IX, a 13th-century king of France
canonized as a saint
The spectacular Gateway Arch stands at the river's edge on the
site where St. Louis was founded more than two centuries ago
The 192-m (630-ft) high city landmark, completed in 1965
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Brasilia
In the 1950s Brazilian architects had an opportunity to
showcase their designs in an entirely new capital city
Braslia developed as a planned city, constructed (beginning in
1957) on an uninhabited site to replace crowded Rio de Janeiro
as the national capital
Planned by Costa and filled with buildings by Niemeyer, the
city of Brasilia was a lavish testimony to Le Corbusiers
principles of modern architecture and planning
Costa divided residential zones by class, designated a
monumental government and business center
The Catedral Metropolitana is one of several buildings
designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer in the 1960s
for the Brazilian capital
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CN Tower
At a height of 553.33m, it is the World's Tallest Building, an
important telecommunications hub, and the centre of tourism
in Toronto
Each year, approximately 2 million people visit the CN Tower
The CN Tower was built in 1976 by Canadian National (CN)
who wanted to demonstrate the strength of Canadian industry
by building a tower taller than any other in the world
With its microwave receptors at 338 m and 553.33m antenna,
the CN Tower swiftly solved the communication problems
Dining restaurant is located at 351 m and offers guests a
complete 360 degree view of the city
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Conclusion
Deconstructivist architects in the
1980s applied their
analytical, abstract ideas to the design of buildings
Their work points toward an architecture that focuses less on
debates among competing movements and more on buildings
that are economical, environmentally responsible, and
beautiful
In Asia, new and taller buildings have been built, especially in
Malaysia (the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur) and in China
(Hong Kong and Shanghai)
Completed in 1998, the Petronas Towers, in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia, are the world's tallest buildings. Each tower stands
452 m (1,483 ft) tall
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References
http://www.cntower.ca/faqs/l3_faq_coolstuff_photogallery.htm
http://www.webshots.com/search/search.fcgi?
words=pompidou&new=1&source=cotopic
http://www.louvre.fr/louvrea.htm
http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?
refid=761595616
http://www.towerbridge.org.uk/
http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Tower_Bridge.html
http://www.architectureweek.com/today.html
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