Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
to
Clinical Microbiology
Hemant Sabharwal M.D., Ph.D
hsabharwal@jerseycollege.edu
Chapter 1
Scope of Microbiology
Microbiology
Study of microorganisms
Variety of techniques used for
Visualization
Identification
Study of microbial function
Science of microbiology
16321723
Native of Holland
Father of microscopy
Observed protozoans and bacteria
Animalcules
English scientist
Improved the design and capability of the
compound light microscope
Observed insects, sponges, protozoans, and
more
Micrographia
Light Microscopes
Ocular lens
Objective lens
Light Microscopes
Bright-field microscope
Bright-field Microscope
10
10
Microscopes
Dark-field microscope
11
11
Dark-field Microscopy
Cheek cells
12
12
Microscopes
Phase-contrast microscope
13
13
Phase-contrast Microscopy
14
14
Microscopes
Fluorescence microscopes
Ultraviolet illumination
Visualization of specimens that contain naturally
fluorescent substances or that have been stained
with fluorescent stains/dyes
Used in diagnosis of infectious diseases
Used in microbial ecology
Applied to identify specific antibodies in response
to antigens
15
15
Fluorescence Microscopy
Pseudomonas
16
16
Microscopes
Confocal microscopes
Sharper images
Allows visualization of different planes of a
specimen
Often by using a laser for illumination
Image can be displayed three-dimensionally with
electronic staining
17
17
Electron Microscopes
Transmission (TEM)
18
18
19
19
Electron Microscopes
Scanning (SEM)
No sections
Scans the surface of an object
Three-dimensional image
20
20
21
21
Spontaneous Generation
Opponents
22
22
Spontaneous Generation
Francesco Redi
John Needham
23
23
Spontaneous Generation
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Louis Pasteur
24
24
25
25
26
26
Ignaz Semmelweis
Joseph Lister
27
27
Robert Koch
Investigation of anthrax
Convinced of the existence of infectious
microorganisms
Kochs postulates
Edward Jenner
Smallpox
Immunization: start of immunology
28
28
Classification of Microorganisms
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Other
29
29
Taxonomy
Escherichia coli
30
30
Kingdoms of Life
31
31
Taxonomy
E. coli
32
32
WoeseFox System:
Three Domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
33
33
Taxonomy
34
34
Microbial ecology
35
35
Waterborne diseases
Organism/toxin contamination
Organism contamination
Airborne diseases
Aerosols
36
36
Applied Microbiology
Food production
Alcoholic beverages
Wine, beer
Yogurt, bread
Indicator organisms
Pharmaceutical agents
Penicillin
37
37
Applied Microbiology
Agriculture
Bioremediation
Petroleum-digesting bacteria
Energy
Forensics
38
38