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VERTEBRATE
ANATOMY
Lecture I Introduction
Comparative Vertebrate
Anatomy
The phylum
chordata is
made up of
a group of
animals all
possessing
four
common
features.
Notochord
2.
3.
Pharyngeal Slits
4.
Postnatal Tail
1. Notochord
a rigid cartilaginous rod defining the
longitudinal axis in the embryo
1. Notochord
Adults:
3. PHARYNGEAL SLITS
Pharynx
The pharynx is a vital portion of the vertebrate embryo.
3. PHARYNGEAL SLITS
Pharynx
The pharynx is a vital portion of the vertebrate embryo.
3. PHARYNGEAL SLITS
Pharynx
The pharynx is a vital portion of the vertebrate
embryo.
3. PHARYNGEAL SLITS
region of alimentary canal exhibiting
pharyngeal pouches in embryo; pouches
may open to the exterior as slits:
permanent
3. PHARYNGEAL SLITS
region of alimentary canal exhibiting pharyngeal
pouches in embryo; pouches may open to the
exterior as slits:
3. PHARYNGEAL SLITS
b} In tetrapods pharyngeal slits are only temporary
structures.
1} Examples:
(a) Frogs have 6 pharyngeal pouches in the
embryonic form.
(1) Four will form the gill slits of the tadpole.
[a] These four slits will close up again during the metamorphosis
into the adult frog.
(b) Chick embryos will have six pouches. Pharyngeal pouches
number 1, 2, and 3 will rupture and then close up again.
3. PHARYNGEAL SLITS
b} In tetrapods pharyngeal slits are only temporary
structures.
1} Examples:
(c) In mammals only one or two pharyngeal pouches will rupture. The
rupturing pouches tend to be
anterior pouches and will close up again.
(1) Pharyngeal pouch number one becomes the Eustachian Tube.
(2) Pharyngeal pouch number two will eventually house the palatine
tonsils.
(3) Several posterior pharyngeal pouches will give
rise to certain endocrine glands.
4. Postanal Tail
REVIEW