THE USE OF SLUDGE AND KENAF IN BRICK

PRODUCTION WITH GREEN TECHNOLOGY CONCEPT

PRESENTER:
KAMARUL ANUAR BIN NAZI
SHAHIDATUL SHAHIDAH BINTI NOR AHMAD
MOHAMMAD SYAUQI BIN MOHD EZMI

16DKA11F1016
16DKA11F1024
16DKA11F1115

SUPERVISOR: EN MUHAMAD AIZAT BIN ZOLKOFLE

WHAT IS
BRICK ?

BRICK
Brick is a building material that is usually rectangular and
made of inorganic materials that is hard and durable.

CLAY BRICK
Clay brick is one of the most hardy materials and have high durability.

PROBLEM STATETMENT

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1. Produce sludge and kenaf brick with green
technology concept.
1. Testing water absorption on sludge and kenaf brick.
1. Testing compressive strength on a sludge and kenaf
brick.

SCOPE OF STUDY
Produce sludge and kenaf brick as an additive in size
215mm 100mm 65mm at Kilang Shin Tiong Lee
Brick Industries Sdn. Bhd.

MIXER MECHINE

FROM MIXER TO COMPRESS

MOISTURE REMOVE

OVEN PROCESS

CUTTING MECHINE

BRICK ALREADY

Work get sludge from Syarikat Air Darul Aman (SADA) and
kenaf from Lembaga Kenaf Dan Tembakau Negara (LKTN).
S
L
U
D
G
E

K
E
N
A
F

Water absorption testing at Kilang Shin Tiong Lee Brick Industries.

Sdn. Bhd. and compressive strength tests on each sample at PG &
Concrete Soil Laboratory Sdn. Bhd.

Water Absorption Test

Compressive Strength Test

SLUDGE
Sludge produced from the separation or sedimentation in water
treatment, sludge consists of organic material and non-organic
materials.
The physical characteristics of the sludge
i.Color - the new sludge is a liquid gray and cloudy while the
old sludge somewhat brownish in color slightly.
ii. Smell - it smells-like mud or clay
iii. Temperature - sludge has a higher temperature than water.

DRY SLUDGE

WET SLUDGE

CLAY
The most important of the properties for the clay to make
clay brick is easy to formed and not experience a lot of
shrinkage when heated or burned.

KENAF
Kenaf as green plants can help to preserve the
environment as it is capable of absorbing carbon dioxide
(CO ) is so high.
Kenaf fiber in the construction of brick used to give
strength to the brick at the same make the brick more
light.

Green Technology
Green technology is the application of environmental
science to conserve
natural resources and to address the negative impact of
human activities.
Green technology is a low-carbon technologies and more
environmentally
friendly than existing technologies.
When we use green technology, we use resources such as
energy, water
and so on minimally to produce a product .

Percentage of Material Used

Material

Weight (kg)

Percent (%)

Sludge

1.41

60%

Clay

0.705

30%

Kenaf

0.235

10%

Water Absorption Test

Water absorptive capacity may be specified by water
absorption test. The high of brittleness that exists in
brick also can affect the mechanical properties of
brickwork especially in terms of strength. There are test
was carried out:a) 5 hours boiling test

SAMPEL

DRY WEIGHT (kg)

WET WEIGHT (kg)

PERCENTAGE OF WATER
ABSORPTION (%)

1.

2.3

2.675

16.30

2.

2.25

2.6

15.56

3.

2.4

2.75

14.58

4.

2.425

2.825

16.49

5.

2.4

2.8

16.67

6.

2.4

2.8

16.67

7.

2.45

2.925

19.39

8.

2.15

2.575

19.77

9.

2.325

2.75

15.45

10.

2.35

2.775

18.09

Total

168.97

Average

16.90

Base on experiment, average rate of water absorption is 16.9%.

Based on BS 3921 : 1974, there was no limit for water absorption
for clay brick. So, the brick that we produce was pass for
standard.

Compressive Strength
For this compressive strength experiment was based
on BS 3921 : 1985. Equipment used for this
experiment was plywood as thick as 3 mm and
TONIPACT machine. This experiment purpose to
carried out compressive strength on sludge brick .

SAMPEL

DIMENSION (mm)

LENGTH WIDTH

MAXIMUM
LOAD
(KN)

WEIGHT
(kg)

COMPACTION
AREA
(mm2)

COMPACTION
STRENGHT
(N/mm2)

HEIGHT

215

100

65

146

2.250

20872

7.0

215

100

65

154

2.325

20872

7.4

215

100

65

163

2.590

20872

7.8

215

100

65

151

2.555

20872

7.2

TOTAL

29.4

AVERAGE

7.35

Based on experiment, average of compressive strength

was 7.35 N / mm. Based on BS 3921 : 1974, range of
compressive strength for clay brick was 5 N / mm. so,
that brick we produce pass standard.

Problems Relating Sample

UNFLATTEN SURFACE
There is a problem that occurs on brick samples that have produced the
brick surface that looks ribbed or non smooth.
This is because the content of kenaf fiber is used in the production of
samples.
It takes place during the cutting process is done where kenaf samples
found in brick attached to a wire that is used to cut the sample.
The smooth surface of the sample may be generated if replace kenaf
fiber to kenaf core.

IRREGULAR BRICK HEIGHT

This is because the length of the existing wire cutter in Factory
Shin Tiong Lee Brick Industry Sdn Bhd, which is not the same.
Most likely this is the case because of lack of maintenance of
cutting machines.
Wire looks slack and not straight will cause brick thickness
produced are different.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, all objective have been reached.
Where the first objective is produce sludge
and kenaf brick with the green technology concept.
Then the second objective is testing water
absorption on sludge and kenaf brick.
Lastly, testing compression strength on sludge
and kenaf brick.

RECOMMENDATION
Expanding the use of sludge and kenaf
Extending the research
Conduct studies on the characteristics of the sludge
Conduct a studies of sludge and kenaf as a substitute
Replacing soil with sludge on decorative plants
Sludge as fertilizer for various plants