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Introduction
Tomos is the Greek word for cut or section,
and tomography is a technique for digitally cutting
a specimen open using X-rays to reveal its interior
details. A CT image is typically called aslice, as it
corresponds to a slice from a loaf of bread. This
analogy is apt, because just as a slice of bread has
a thickness, a CT slice corresponds to a certain
thickness of the object being scanned. Therefore,
whereas a typical digital image is composed
ofpixels(picture elements), a CT slice image is
composed ofvoxels(volume elements).
Introduction
Introduction
Figure 1
Detector Elements
Capture energy that has not been
attenuated by the patient
Definitions
Uses of CT scan
Uses of CT scan
Your doctor may recommend a CT scan to help:
Diagnose muscle and bone disorders, such as bone
tumors and fractures
Pinpoint the location of a tumor, infection or blood clot
Guide procedures such as surgery, biopsy and
radiation therapy
Detect and monitor diseases and conditions such as
cancer, heart disease, lung nodules and liver masses
Monitor the effectiveness of certain treatments, such
as cancer treatment
Detect internal injuries and internal bleeding
Risks
Radiation exposure
During a CT scan, you're briefly exposed to
ionizing radiation.
Scanning Methods
Digital projection
AP, PA, Lat or Oblique projection
Surview, Scanogram
Conventional CT
Axial
Start/stop
Volumetric CT
Helical or spiral CT
Continuous acquisition
Scanning Methods
Digital Projection
X-ray tube and detector remain stationary
Patient table moves continuously With
X-rays on
Produces an image covering a range of
anatomy
Similar to a conventional X-ray image,
e.g. flat plate of the abdomen
Image used to determine scan location
Scanning Methods
Axial CT
X-ray tube and detector rotate
360
Patient table is stationary
With X-rays on
Produces one cross-sectional
image
Once this is complete patient is
moved to next position
Process starts again at the
beginning
Scanning Methods
Volume CT
X-ray tube and detector rotate 360
Patient table moves continuously
With X-rays on
Produces a helix of image information
This is reconstructed into 30 to 1000
images
Scanning Methods
Advantages of Volume CT
More coverage in a breath-hold
Chest, Vascular studies, trauma
Reduced misregistration of slices
Improved MPR, 3D and MIP images
Potentially less IV contrast required
Gapless coverage
Arbitrary slice positioning
Scanning Methods
Fundamentals of Multislice CT
Scanning Methods
Multislice Fundamentals
Everything is better
(R)esolution
Z-axis, spatial, low contrast
(S)peed
Temporal bolus capture, stopped motion
(V)olume
Thin slice organ-specific coverage
(P)ower
Enough photons uncompromising image quality
Scanning Methods
Scanning Methods
Calibration
NSI Scanner
NSI Scanner