LTE Introduction

3G Evolution
Radio Side (LTE Long Term Evolution)
Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency
Simplification of the radio network
Efficient support of packet based services: MBMS, IMS, etc.

Network Side (SAE System Architecture Evolution)

Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput

Simplification of the core network
Optimization for IP traffic and services
Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access
technologies

LTE Overview
LTE Introduction
The access network
Physical Layer
Layer 2 and above over the radio interface
Control Plane
User Plane

Interface towards the Core Network

3GPP LTE Architecture

LTE targets

Significantly increased peak data rates

Increased cell edge bitrates
Improved spectrum efficiency
Improved latency
Scaleable bandwidth
Reduced CAPEX and OPEX
Acceptable system and terminal complexity, cost and
power consumption
Compatibility with earlier releases and with other systems
Optimised for low mobile speed but supporting high mobile
speed

Peak data rate

Goal: significantly increased peak data rates,
scaled linearly according to spectrum
allocation
Targets:
Instantaneous downlink peak data rate of
100Mbit/s in a 20MHz downlink spectrum (i.e. 5
bit/s/Hz)
Instantaneous uplink peak data rate of 50Mbit/s in
a 20MHz uplink spectrum (i.e. 2.5 bit/s/Hz)

Mobility
The Enhanced UTRAN (E-UTRAN) will:
be optimised for mobile speeds 0 to 15 km/h
support, with high performance, speeds between
15 and 120 km/h
maintain mobility at speeds between 120 and 350
km/h
and even up to 500 km/h depending on
frequency band
support voice and real-time services over entire
speed range
with quality at least as good as UTRAN

Spectrum issues

Spectrum flexibility
E-UTRA to operate in 1.25, 1.6, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz
allocationshence allowing different possibilities for refarming already in use spectrum
uplink and downlink
paired and unpaired
Co-existence
with GERAN/3G on adjacent channels
with other operators on adjacent channels
with overlapping or adjacent spectrum at
country borders
Handover with UTRAN and GERAN
Handover with non 3GPP Technologies (CDMA 2000, WiFi,
WiMAX)

The access network

Generality
The access network is simplified and
reduce to only the Base Station called
eNode B
Physical layer is based on SC FDMA for
the Uplink and OFDMA for the Downlink
Two modes FDD and TDD considered
MBMS part of the study
Ciphering is handled within the eNode B

Physical Layer
Overview
Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Layer2

Layer1

Control / Measurements

Layer3

Radio Link Control (RLC)

Logical channels
Medium Access Control (MAC)
Transport channels
Physical layer

Physical Layer Details

The Layer 1 is defined in a bandwidth agnostic
way, allowing the LTE Layer 1 to adapt to various
spectrum allocations.
The generic radio frame for FDD has a duration of
10ms and consists of 20 slots with a slot duration
of 0.5ms. Two adjacent slots form one sub-frame
of length 1ms. A resource block spans either 12
sub-carriers with a sub-carrier bandwidth of 15kHz
or 24 sub-carriers with a sub-carrier bandwidth of
7.5kHz each over a slot duration of 0.5ms.

Physical Layer Details Contd.

The physical channels defined in the downlink are
the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH),
the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)
and the Common Control Physical Channel
(CCPCH). The physical channels defined in the
uplink are the Physical Uplink Shared Channel
(PUSCH) and the Physical Uplink Control Channel
(PUCCH).
In addition, signals are defined as reference
signals, primary and secondary synchronization
signals or random access preambles.
The modulation schemes supported in the
downlink are QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM, and in
the uplink QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM. The
Broadcast channel use only QPSK

Physical Layer Details Contd.

The generic frame structure is applicable to
both FDD and TDD. Each radio frame is
long and consists of 20 slots of length
Tslot= 15360 x Ti = 0,5 ms, numbered from
0 to 19. A sub-frame is defined as two
consecutive slots where sub-frame
consists of slots and of 20 slots of length ,
numbered from 0 to 19. The structure of
each half-frame in a radio frame is
identical. A sub-frame is defined as two
consecutive slots where sub-frame
consists of slots 2i and 2i+1

Layer 2 and above over the radio

interface
Overall architecture

Layer 2 and above over the radio

interface
The eNode B hosts the following functions:

Functions for Radio Resource Management:

Radio Bearer Control,

Radio Admission Control,
Connection Mobility Control,
Dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in both
uplink and downlink (scheduling);

IP header compression and encryption of

user data stream;
Selection of an MME at UE attachment;

Layer 2 and above over the radio

interface

: Layer 2 Structure at the eNode B

Layer 2 and above over the radio

interface
For the UE two states are considered

RRC_IDLE where:
UE specific DRX configured by NAS;
Broadcast of system information;
Paging;
Cell re-selection mobility;
The UE shall have been allocated an id which uniquely identifies
the UE
in a tracking area;

- No RRC context stored in the eNode B .

RRC_CONNECTED where:
UE has an E-UTRAN-RRC connection;
UE has context in E-UTRAN;
E-UTRAN knows the cell which the UE belongs to;
Network can transmit and/or receive data to/from UE;
Network controlled mobility (handover);
Neighbour cell measurements;
- At PDCP/RLC/MAC level:
- UE can transmit and/or receive data to/from network;
- UE monitors control signalling channel for shared data channel to see if any
transmission over the shared data channel has been allocated to the UE;
- UE also reports channel quality information and feedback information to eNode
B;
- DRX/DTX period can be configured according to UE activity level for UE power
saving and efficient resource utilization. This is under control of the eNode B

Interface towards the Core network

Generalities
Two interfaces:
S1-MME for the Control plane
S1u for the User plane

Additional interface in between eNode Bs: X2

Including both Control and User plane

Interface towards the Core network

Interface towards the Core network

S1-AP

SCTP
IP
Data link layer
Physical layer
S1 Interface Control Plane (eNB-MME)

The Signaling protocol between eNB and

MME is identified by S1-AP

eNode B X2 Interface
This interfaces allows inter-eNode B handover

X2 Interface Control Plane

SAE (System Architecture

Evolution)
To ensure competitiveness of 3GPP systems for the next
10 years and beyond
Optimization of the network for IP traffic and its expected
growth
Performance improvements
reduced latency,
higher user data rates,
improved system capacity and coverage, and reduced overall
cost for the operator.
Potential network and traffic cost reduction

Flexible accommodation and deployment of existing and

new access technologies with mobility by a common IPbased network

3GPP Packet Core Architecture

IP networks
PCRF

HSS

S6

S7

SGi
IASA
SAE
Anchor

S4
S3

SGSN

Gb

2G
GERAN

Iu

EVOLVED PACKET CORE

S5b

3GPP
Anchor

S2

S5a

MME/
UPE

S1

3G

LTE

UTRAN

LTE RAN

MME = Mobility Management Entity

UPE = User Plane Entity
IASA = Inter-Access System Anchor

Non-3GPP

Thanks for your

attention