BLS

BASIC LIFE
SUPPORT

BLS
an

emergency procedure that

consists of recognizing
respiratory or cardiac arrest
or both and the proper
application of CPR to maintain
life until a victim recovers or
advanced life support is
available.

Cardiac Arrest

The complete cessation of cardiac activity

Absence of a carotid pulse

Cardiac Arrest
Chain

of survival:

Early

access able to recognize early warning

signs of heart attack and respiratory failure
and to call for help

early

CPR

Early

defibrillation

Early

advanced cardiac life support

Integrated

post-arrest care

Early warning signs of

heart attack

Prolonged compressing pain or unusual

discomfort in the center of the chest, behind
the breastbone

Pain radiates to shoulder, arm, neck, or jaw

usually in the left side

Sweating, n &v, SOB

EARLY WARINING SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY FAILURE

Unable speak, breath or cough
Clutches neck( universal distress signal)
Bluish color of skin and lips

How does CPR work

CPR works because you can breathe air into the

lungs to provide oxygen in the blood. Then
when you press the chest, you move oxygen
carrying blood through the body

WHEN?
ASAP when carotid pulse is not appreciated or
breathing stops or ineffective.
Any delay reduces the chance of survival because
the brain cells begin to die after 4-6 minutes
without oxygen

The ABCs of CPR

AIRWAY

BREATHING

CIRCULATION

EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLE

SURVEY THE SCENE

ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE

CPR OR CALL FIRST

PHONE first- adult victims and children above 8
year old
PHONE fast-unresponsive victims and below 8 year
old

EXCEPTION IN PHONE
FIRST AND PHONE FAST
PRINCIPLE

Submersion/ near drowning

Arrest associated with trauma

Drug overdoses

PHONE FAST-ALL AGES

cardiac arrest in children known to be high risk for

arrhythmias
Phone first-all ages

EARLY DEFIBRILLATION

CPR prolongs period during which defibrillation

can be effective.

Has resuscitated patients with cardiac arrest

from ventricular fibrillation

Nontraditional responders are being trained in

AED use.

Adult CPR/AED
1. Make sure the scene is SAFE!
2. Check responsiveness and
breathing
3. If alone call 9-1-1 and get an AED
4. Check for a pulse and if no pulse
present begin CPR
Always start CPR with Compressions
First!

Compressions

Push hard and fast

Rate should be at least 100 per minute

Provide 30 compressions then 2 breaths

Make sure you allow the chest to re-expand

completely at the end of each compression

Adult CPR/AED
5.

Open the airway with head tilt-chin lift

6.

Place the mask on the patients face

7.

Use the E-C clamp technique

8.

Deliver each breath over 1 second

STOP

Practice good CPR on manikins with your group.

Adult CPR/AED

The AED should be applied as soon as possible

to the patients bare chest

Make sure the pads adhere to the skin

Remove all clothing from the area where the pads

need to be placed

Remove any medication patches from the area

Shave any chest hair, the pads need to be on as

much bare skin as possible

If the patient has an implanted pacemaker, place

the pad at least inch away

CPR/AED

While there are many styles of AEDs they all

work the same. The first step is to turn the unit
on and follow the voice prompts.

Using an AED

Assess compression effectiveness if CPR is in progress. If

the patient is unresponsive and CPR has not been started,
begin providing chest compressions and rescue breaths at
a ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths, continuing until an
AED arrives and is ready for use.

Using an AED

Turn on the AED. Apply the AED pads to the chest

and attach the pads to the AED. Stop CPR.

Using an AED

Verbally and visually clear the patient. Push the Analyze button, if there
is one. Wait for the AED to analyze the cardiac rhythm. If no shock is
advised, perform five cycles (2 minutes) of CPR and then reanalyze the
cardiac rhythm. If a shock is advised, recheck that all are clear, and push
the Shock button. After the shock is delivered, immediately resume CPR
beginning with chest compressions.

Using an AED

After five cycles (2

minutes) of CPR,
reanalyze the cardiac
rhythm. Do not interrupt
chest compressions for
more than 10 seconds.

If shock is advised, clear the

patient, push the Shock
button, and immediately
resume CPR. If no shock is
advised, immediately resume
CPR. Transport, and contact
medical control as needed.

STOP

Practice using the AED trainer on the manikin in

various cardiac arrest scenarios.

After AED Shocks

If a patient is breathing independently:

Administer oxygen.

Check pulse.

If a patient has a pulse but breathing is

inadequate, assist ventilations.

Emergency Medical Care for Cardiac Arrest

Pediatric CPR/AED
1. Make sure the scene is SAFE!
2. Check responsiveness and
breathing
3. If alone call 9-1-1 and get an AED
4. Check for a pulse and if no pulse
present begin CPR
Always start CPR with Compressions first!
If despite adequate ventilation and
oxygenation, pulse is <60, begin chest
compressions

Compressions

One rescuer: Begin cycles of 30 chest

compressions and 2 breaths

Two rescuers: Begin cycles of 15 chest

compressions and 2 breaths

Rate should be at least 100 per minute

Performing CPR on a Child

Place the heel of one or both

hands in the center of the chest,
in between the nipples, avoiding
the xiphoid process.

Compress the chest one third the

anterior-posterior diameter of the
chest at a rate of at least 100
times/min. Coordinate compressions
with ventilations in a 30:2 ratio (one
rescuer) or 15:2 (two rescuers),
pausing for ventilations.

Performing Infant Chest Compressions

Position the infant on a firm

surface while maintaining the
airway. Place two fingers in the
middle of the sternum just below
a line between the nipples.

Use two fingers to compress the

chest one third to one half its depth
at a rate of at least 100 per minute.
Allow the sternum to return to its
normal position between
compressions.