Chapter 2

CHAPTER 2
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
PRAGUE HIGH SCHOOL

PHYSICAL SCIENCE
COACH DAY
CHAPTER 2
Classifying Matter
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
CHAPTER 2
Classifying Matter
Pages 38-44
Why are elements and compounds

classified as pure substances?
How do mixtures differ from pure
substances?
What is the main difference
among solutions, suspensions, &
colloids?
Properties of Matter
Matter
Classifying
Chapter 2, Section 1
pages 38-44
Classification of Matter
Matter
Classifying
pages 38-44
Pure Substances
A pure substance is matter that always has exactly the
same composition.
has a fixed, uniformed composition.
cannot be separated by physical means such as
distillation
filtration
chromatography
Pure substances can be classified into two categories:

elements
compounds
Matter
Classifying
pages 38-44
Matter
Classifying
pages 38-44
Elements
Elements are substances that cannot be
broken down into simpler substances.
Although there are millions of known
substances there are only 115 known
elements.
Matter
pages 38-44
Elements
An atom is the smallest
particle of an element
Atoms are made up of a nucleus
which is found at the center of
the atom and is made up of
protons
neutrons
Outside of the nucleus are electrons
Classifying
Matter
Classifying
pages 38-44
Elements
Chemical symbols are a shorthand way to
represent the elements. Symbols have
either one or two letters. The first letter is
always capitalized, if there is a second
letter it is never capitalized.
Matter
Classifying
pages 38-44
Compounds
A compound is a substance that is made of
two or more simpler substances and can be
broken down into those simpler substances.
A compound
always contains
two or more
elements joined
in a fixed
proportion.
Matter
Classifying
pages 38-44
Matter
Classifying
pages 38-44
Mixtures
Mixtures tend to retain the properties of their
individual substances.
Mixtures can be classified as two types:
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
homo- means same

hetero- means different
-genus mean kind
Matter
Classifying
pages 38-44
Homogeneous Mixtures
In a homogeneous mixture, the parts of the
mixture look the same throughout. A homogeneous
mixture appears to contain only one substance.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which one
substance in dissolved into another.
They do not separate into distinct layers
If you pour a solution through a filter, none of the
substances will be trapped in the filter.

Light will pass through liquid solutions without scattering
light.
Small particles
Matter
Classifying
pages 38-44
Homogeneous Mixtures
There are two parts to a solution. The solute and the solvent.
A solute is the substance being dissolved
A solvent is the substance that does the dissolving.
An aqueous solution has water as solvent
Water is the universal solvent
In lemonade:
The solvent is: the water
The solutes are
Lemon juice
Sugar
Matter
Classifying
pages 38-44
Matter
Classifying
pages 38-44
Heterogeneous Mixtures
In a heterogeneous mixture, the parts of the
mixture are noticeably different from one
another.
There are two types of heterogeneous mixtures:
Suspensions
Colloids
Matter
Classifying
pages 38-44
Suspensions
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture where
particles are suspended not dissolved into another
substance
They will separate into layers over time
These suspended particles can be trapped by a filter
Because larger particles can scatter light in all directions,
suspensions often appear cloudy

Particles are large
Examples:
Vinegar and oil
Muddy water
Matter
Classifying
pages 38-44
Colloid
A colloid is classified as a heterogeneous mixture where
particles are suspended not dissolved into another
substance. To the naked eye colloids appear to
homogeneous, (the same throughout), but under a
microscope they are not.
They do not separate into layers over time (like solutions)
They scatter light in all directions (like suspensions )
Particles are intermediate
Examples:
Milk
Fog
Whipped Cream
Smoke
Matter
pages 38-44
Classifying
Matter
Classifying
pages 38-44
To do an interactive SMARTboard
lesson on classifying matter hit the
GO sign!
CHAPTER 2
Physical Properties
Pages 45-53
What are some examples of physical

properties?
How can knowing the physical properties of
matter be useful?
What processes are used to separate
mixtures?
When does a physical change occur?
Properties
Physical
pages 45-53
A physical property is any characteristics

of a material that can be observed or
measured without changing the
composition of the substance.
Properties
Physical
pages 45-53
Seven Examples of Physical Properties

Viscosity
is the resistance of a liquid to flow. Viscosity of a liquid decreases as its heated.

Conductivity
is the ability of a materials ability to allow heat to flow.

Malleabilty
is the ability of a substance to be hammered into a thin sheet without shattering.

Hardness
is the ability of a material to scratch another.

Melting
Point
is the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.

Boiling
Point
is the temperature at which a substance boils.

Density
is used to test the purity of a substance. It is the ratio of the mass of a substance to its
volume. Density = Mass / Volume (D=M/V)
Properties
Physical
pages 45-53
Viscosity
Viscosity is the resistance of a liquid to flow. Viscosity of a liquid
decreases as its heated.
The greater the viscosity,

the slower the liquid.
Corn Syrup
Honey
Molasses
The lower the viscosity,

the thinner the liquid.
Vinegar
Water
Properties
Physical
pages 45-53
Conductivity
Conductivity is the ability of a materials ability to
allow heat to flow.
Materials that have a high

conductivity, are called
conductors
Materials that are good
conductors of heat, are
usually good conductors of
electricity
METAL
Properties
Physical
pages 45-53
Malleability
Malleablity is the ability of a substance to be hammered into a thin sheet
without shattering.
Most metals are malleable

Gold
Aluminum
Copper
Lead
Play-Doh (I know its not a metal)
The opposite of malleable is brittle.

Some gold sheets can be hammered so thin that they become
almost transparent. It would take approximately 300,000 of these
laid on top of each other to become an inch thick!
Properties
Physical
pages 45-53
Hardness
Hardness is the ability of a material to scratch another.
Properties
Physical
pages 45-53
Melting Point & Boiling Point
Melting Point is the temperature at which a substance changes from

a solidBoiling
to a liquid.
Point is the temperature at which a substance boils.
Properties
Physical
pages 45-53
Density
Density is used to test the purity of a substance. It is the ratio of the mass of a
substance to its volume.
The Formula for density is :

Mass
Density =
Volume
Density is measured in g/cm3 or g/mL
Properties
Physical
pages 45-53
To do an interactive lesson on how the

physical properties of matter can be used
to determine an unknown substance hit
the GO sign!
Properties
Physical
pages 45-53
Separating Solutions or Mixtures
Filtration is a process that separates

materials based on the size of their
particles.
Distillation is a process that
Separates the substances in
a solution based on
their boiling points
Properties
Physical
pages 45-53
Physical Change
A physical change occurs when some of the
properties of a material change but the
substances in the material remain the same
What are some examples of physical
changes?
CHAPTER 2
Chemical Properties
Pages 54-59
When can chemical properties be

observed?
What observations might indicate
that a chemical change has
occurred?
What is the difference between
chemical and physical changes?
Properties
Chemical
pages 54-59
Chemical Properties
A chemical property is any ability to produce a change in
the composition of matter.
Two examples of chemical properties:
Flammability is a materials ability to burn in the presence of
oxygen.
Reactivity is how readily a substance combines chemically with
other substances
When matter undergoes a

chemical change the composition of matter changes
physical change the composition of the matter stays the same.
Properties
Chemical
pages 54-59
Evidence of a Chemical Change

Three common types of evidence for a chemical
change:
Change in color a clue that a chemical
change has produced a new substance

Production of gas bubbles provide a
clue that chemical change has produced
a new substance
Formation of a precipitate when a
solid forms and separates from a liquid
mixture, a precipitate forms.
Sulfuric acid added to
Properties
pages 54-59
Chemical

Chapter 2 - Properties of Matter

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Chapter 2 - Properties of Matter

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PRAGUE HIGH SCHOOL

Why are elements and compounds

Pure substances can be classified into two categories:

Outside of the nucleus are electrons

homo- means same

substances will be trapped in the filter.

suspensions often appear cloudy

What are some examples of physical

A physical property is any characteristics

Seven Examples of Physical Properties

is the resistance of a liquid to flow. Viscosity of a liquid decreases as its heated.

is the ability of a materials ability to allow heat to flow.

is the ability of a substance to be hammered into a thin sheet without shattering.

is the ability of a material to scratch another.

is the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.

is the temperature at which a substance boils.

The greater the viscosity,

The lower the viscosity,

Materials that have a high

Most metals are malleable

The opposite of malleable is brittle.

Melting Point & Boiling Point

Melting Point is the temperature at which a substance changes from

The Formula for density is :

Density is measured in g/cm3 or g/mL

To do an interactive lesson on how the

Separating Solutions or Mixtures

Filtration is a process that separates

When can chemical properties be

When matter undergoes a

Evidence of a Chemical Change

change has produced a new substance

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