Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

Achieving the Vision:

From VII to IntelliDriveSM

Achieving the Vision

Original vision for Vehicle
Infrastructure Integration (VII):
Dramatic safety improvements
Promise of revolutionary mobility
improvements

Achieved through wireless

communication with & between
vehicles
This vision remains the same!
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Achieving the Vision VII

The Original Plan
Infrastructure was a central prerequisite
Nationwide deployment
Extensive number of installations
Why?
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications promised dramatic safety gains
But, it would take 15-20 years for fleet turnover to realize big benefits

Infrastructure deployment thru vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) was a way to

get benefits more quickly.
Both V2V and V2I required a DSRC radio @5.9GHz in the vehicle and
infrastructure
Safety messages only used part of the bandwidth. Other applications mobility
& convenience could also be accommodated with the same DSRC radio.
A sound starting point, but:
Would it work technically?
Could it be practically implemented?

Proof of Concept (POC) Test

Achieving the Vision VII Proof of Concept

Given the assumptions about VII, the proof of concept test focused on:

Message exchanges using DSRC at 5.9 GHz

Testing of draft DSRC standards
Stub (partially developed) applications. Did not build or test full applications
Small number of cars & only cars
V2I-focused because of original assumptions

POC proved that the basic technical concept would work.

But could it be practically implemented?

Achieving the Vision Could VII Be Practically

Implemented?
The Chicken and Egg Problem
Why should Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) invest without the
infrastructure?
Without infrastructure, how could benefits be realized quickly?
How could infrastructure be deployed?
About 300,000 Roadside Equipment (RSE) needed nationwide to support all envisioned
applications.
Could infrastructure be installed quickly?
Who will be responsible for operations and maintenance of the RSE?
Who would provide the financial investment?
How could thousands of jurisdictions be engaged in deployment?

Three Big Dilemmas

What comes first vehicles or infrastructure?
How do we get adequate penetration in the vehicle fleet to realize benefits?
How do we deploy the infrastructure?

In the Meantime An Explosion of Wireless

Technology
Proliferation of smartphones and other
personal/mobile computing/communication devices (e.g,
Blackberry; iPhone, etc)
Greatly expanded communication capabilities provided
by cellular telephone technology (i.e., 3rd Generation or
3G networks supporting text, voice and video data
transmission at higher speeds)
Applications capable of providing location-specific
information (e.g., GPS-based; cellular-based location
services such as shopping, weather, etc)
Data Virtualization Cloud computing and ubiquitous
access
Access to real-time information, search capabilities

Same Vision New Pathways

The vision has not changed still safety, mobility

and convenience through wireless technology
We must determine the optimal pathway (s) to
realize the vision

Same Vision New Pathways

Original Strategy

Evolving Strategy
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Safety Applications The Game Changers

Non-impaired
Crashes:
Two
scenarios

100

76%

12%

Safety Applications: The Game Changers

Research Questions
Which comes first cars or
infrastructure?
For V2V applications, NHTSA will
assess regulatory potential
Outcome of regulatory assessment
may suggest that vehicle installation
comes first

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Same Vision New Pathways

Original Strategy

Evolving Strategy
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Safety Applications: The Game Changers

Research Questions
Which comes first cars or infrastructure?
For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory
potential
Outcome of regulatory assessment may indicate that
vehicle installation comes first

How do we get fleet penetration for earlier

benefit?
Aftermarket DSRC devices (devices with GPS, cell
communication, & power) may offer opportunities
Here I Am messages
Different functionality, and easier to deploy
Market potential for aftermarket DSRC devices is not
clear

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Same Vision New Pathways

Original Strategy

Evolving Strategy
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Safety Applications: The Game Changers

Research Questions
Which comes first vehicles or infrastructure?
For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potential
Outcome of regulatory assessment may indicate that vehicle installation
comes first
How do we get fleet penetration for earlier benefit?
Aftermarket DSRC devices (devices with GPS, cell communication, &
power) may offer opportunities
Here I Am messages
Different functionality, and easier to deploy
Market potential for aftermarket DSRC devices is not clear
How do we deploy infrastructure?
V2V may not require DSRC wireless connectivity to roadway infrastructure ;
Other wireless communication may be sufficient
Infrastructure may become a spot safety application
Signals, curves, other sites
DSRC data can be integrated into mobility applications

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Same Vision New Pathways

Does V2V require DSRC
Infrastructure?
If so, how much, where?
If not, what are other
infrastructure
requirements?

Roadside
Equipment to
handle nonDSRC
communications

Non-DSRC
DSRC

DSRC

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Same Vision New Pathways

What is the effectiveness of
signal, phase & timing
(SPaT) applications?
Besides SPaT, what are
other infrastructure
applications?

DSRC

What are the infrastructure

requirements?
How is data integrated for
mobility applications?

DSRC

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Same Vision New Pathways

Original Strategy

Evolving Strategy
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Same Vision New Pathways

Original Strategy

Evolving Strategy
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Technical Issues: Potential Game Changers

Research Questions:
What are the infrastructure requirements for V2V data security?
Is DSRC required to connect vehicles to infrastructure for data security functionality?
Are other communication technologies adequate?
How much and what type of infrastructure is needed for data security?

Is positioning technology adequate?

V2V requires relative positioning; V2I requires absolute positioning
Potential issues between differing GPS manufacturers

Will IntelliDriveSM scale to accommodate all vehicles?

Will DSRC radio channel switching (for safety & non-safety applications) work?
Or, will a separate safety radio be required?
Security messages may use significant communication overhead

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Policy Issues: Evolving Research Needs

Privacy
Governance
Funding
Deployment approach
Data Ownership
Certification
Sustainability,
Risk & Liability

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Not To Lose Sight of Weather & Environment

Weather and Environmental Applications:
All require data from vehicle systems
May NOT require DSRC - Research Question
Will need to transmit data to infrastructure to a data processing entity
What data?
How frequently?
To whom?
For what use?

Research Questions

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Same Vision New Pathways

Original Strategy

Evolving Strategy
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Same Vision New Pathways

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Summary VII to IntelliDriveSM

Vision remains the same
New technology developments & research findings give us new pathways to
the same vision
DSRC capabilities are essential for safety (V2V & V2I)
DSRC in aftermarket devices may be a way to accelerate benefits
Non-DSRC data can be used now for mobility
Technical issues remain that could be game changers
DSRC for all uses (safety, mobility, weather and environment) may converge
over time

We need to hold the vision

as research reveals the optimal
pathway
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