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Machines
Introduction
Current Reversal
Lenz Law
"An induced current is always in such a
direction as to oppose the motion or
change causing it"
Construction of DC Machine
Electromagnet
DC Generator
Operation
Principle of
DC Generator
Operation
Principle of
Whenever a conductor is
moved within a magnetic
field in such a way that the
conductor cuts across
DC Generator
Operation
Principle of
Effect of Commutation
Magnetic Circuit of DC
Generator
Armature
Brush Holder
Commutator Construction
Cutway of DC Generator
Armature Winding
Armature Coil
Coils Connection to
Commutator
Construction of DC Generator
Yoke:
Yoke is a outer frame. It serves two purposes.
Construction of DC Generator
Armature:
The armature is a cylinder of laminated iron mounted on an
axle.
The axle is carried in bearings mounted in the external
structure of the generator.
Torque is applied to the axle to make the rotor spin.
Coil:
Each coil usually consists of many turns of copper wire wound
on the armature.
The two ends of each coil are connected either to two slip
rings (AC) or two opposite bars of a split-ring commutator (DC).
Construction of DC Generator
Yoke:
Yoke is a outer frame. It serves two purposes.
Components of DC Generator
Stator:
The stator is the fixed part of the generator that supplies the
magnetic field in which the coils rotate.
It may consist of two permanent magnets with opposite poles
facing and shaped to fit around the rotor.
Field electromagnets:
Each electromagnet consists of a coil of many turns of copper
wire wound on a soft iron core.
The electromagnets are wound, mounted and shaped in such a
way that opposite poles face each other and wrap around the
rotor.
Brushes:
The brushes are carbon blocks that maintain contact with the
ends of the coils via the slip rings (AC) or the split-ring
commutator (DC), and conduct electric current from the coils to
the external circuit.
Applications of DC
Generators
1.
DC shunt Generator
The terminal voltage of DC shunt generator is more or
less constant from no load to full load. Therefore these
generators are used where constant voltage is required.
For electro plating
Battery charging
For excitation of Alternators.
2. Series Generators:
The terminal voltage of series generator increases with
load current from no load to full load Therefore these
generators are used as
Boosters
for supply to arc Lamps
Applications of DC
Generators
3. Compound Generator:
Differential Compound generators are used to supply dc
welding machines.
Level compound generators are used to supply power for
offices ,hostels and Lodges etc.
Over compound generators are used to compensate the
voltage drop in Feeders.
4. Separately Exited Generator:
As a supply source to DC Motors ,whose speed is to be
controlled for certain applications. where a wide range of
voltage is required for the testing purposes.
Commutator construction
Commutator Connections
Types of DC Generators
Generators are generally classified according to
their methods of field excitation.
(i) Separately excited D.C. generators
(ii) Self-excited D.C. generators
DC Shunt Generator
DC Series Generator
DC Compound Generator
DC Shunt Generator
DC Series Generator
EMF Equation
Let
= flux/pole in Wb
Z = total number of armature conductors
P = number of poles
A = number of parallel paths
= 2 for wave winding
= P for lap winding
N = speed of armature in r.p.m.
Eg= e.m.f. of the generator = e.m.f./parallel
path
EMF Equation
Rotor Assembly of DC
Machine
Eye Bolt
Thank You