EE566: Optical Communication

Optical CDMA

Electrical

Optical CDMA

Presented by: George Partasides

http://partasides.da.ru

EE 566: Optical Communications

Electrical

by George Partasides

Optical CDMA

Overview

EE 566: Optical Communications

History Overview (CDMA)

Optical CDMA

Electrical

by George Partasides

1938, in the field of radar systems,

examples of frequency hopping signal
patterns were patented
During and after WWII the fact of BW
expansion without pulse narrowing could
also provide finer time resolution.
1950s Sol Golomb first Books on CDMA
Early system are ARC-50 by Magnavox
and satellite radios as well as few GPS
systems

EE 566: Optical Communications

History Overvirew (Optical

CDMA)

Optical CDMA

Electrical

by George Partasides

Relatively new technique in Optical

Fiber communications and seems to
outperform traditional TDM and WDM
First applied in mid 1980s by
A.Salehi Prucnal and some others.
Aim for Terabit performance on
Broadband Networks by reducing the
cost of every aspect in optical
network.

EE 566: Optical Communications

Introduction

Electrical

by George Partasides

Optical CDMA

CDMA used extensively in radio

frequency communication systems,
especially in 2G and 3G cellular
telephone networks.
Basic Advantage is the way it handles
a finite BW among a large number of
users (more users can transmit the
same data over the same Bandwidth)

EE 566: Optical Communications

introduction (comparison)

WDMA: Four wave mixing as

discussed (next slide)
Optical CDMA

Electrical

by George Partasides

System capacity = users * tx rate

TDMA and WDMA schemes present

significant drawbacks in Local Area
Systems when large number of
users must be considered.
TDMA: one user tx at a time

EE 566: Optical Communications

Drawbacks DWDM (revisited)

Non-linear nature of refractive index of

optical fiber
Limits channel capacity of the DWDM System

Difficult to construct for dynamic set of multiple

users because of the significant amount of
coordination among the nodes required for
successful operation.
Optical CDMA

Electrical

by George Partasides

Dispersion
Attenuation
Four wave mixing

EE 566: Optical Communications

comparison

Optical CDMA

Electrical

by George Partasides

Optical CDMA does not need time and

frequency management because all the
users transmit using the whole BW at the
same time!
It can also operate asynchronously (as in
wireless applications) without packet
collisions.
Slot allocation requirements are not needed
here in contradiction to TDMA and WDMA

Electrical

by George Partasides

Optical CDMA

EE 566: Optical Communications

EE 566: Optical Communications

comparison (Advantages)

Equipment , outside plant

Facilities , Operational Support systems
SECURITY
Eliminate many of intermediate timedivision multiplexing steps required by
SONET
Optical CDMA

Electrical

by George Partasides

Simple implementation, using existing

fiber networks
Reduce the cost in every aspect:

EE 566: Optical Communications

How does o-CDMA work

Electrical

by George Partasides

Optical CDMA

The principle is the same as in wireless

application. Each user is assigned a unique
code (spreading length -L-) which is
multiplied by each bit. This code is only
known to the receiver in order to
demodulate the data.
The most important part for correct
detection is the code. This code must be
uncorrelated from other users codes and
be orthogonal.

EE 566: Optical Communications

Orthogonal Code example

Two optical orthogonal Code with length L = 32 and =
c =1.
(a) First code is represented
by placing a pulse at the
1st, 10th 13th and 28th chip
positions.

Electrical

by George Partasides

Optical CDMA

(b) Second code is

represented by placing a
pulse at the 1st, 5th 12th
and 31st chip positions.

EE 566: Optical Communications

how does o-CDMA works

O-CDMA divides the fiber spectrum

into individual codes, all derived
from a single broadband optical
source (WDM divides the spectrum
into narrow optical wavelengths)
It is a simple 3 step process:

Source Filter Modulator

Electrical

by George Partasides

Optical CDMA

Filter: Spatial Filter can be thought an optical Bar

code (fixed or programmable)

Electrical

by George Partasides

Optical CDMA

EE 566: Optical Communications

EE 566: Optical Communications

A simple tap and insert coupler is installed in the

lateral fiber run to multiple users, and a receiver is
installed at each terminating location
Optical CDMA

Electrical

by George Partasides

Optical CDMA is a broadcast technology, with

all information going to all parts of the
network.
When a receiver is placed anywhere on the
network with a bar code that matches a
transmitter, that signal alone is decoded and
extracted from the network.
The second requirement for an all-optical
network, the ability to economically add users.

EE 566: Optical Communications

Internet Traffic The need -

Electrical

by George Partasides

Optical CDMA

The increase of data through

network and specifically LANS

EE 566: Optical Communications

Internet Traffic some

statistics

Electrical

by George Partasides

Optical CDMA

250% increase in internet traffic in our University in one

year time!

EE 566: Optical Communications

References

Textbooks

Spread Spectrum CDMA Systems for wireless Communications

(savo Glisic , Branka Vucetic)
Spread Spectrum Communications Handbook(Marvin K. Simon,
Jim K. Omura, Robert A. Scholtz, Barry K.Levitt)
Wireless Network Evolution 2G to 3G (Vijay K. Garg)

Links

Optical CDMA with Optical Orthogonal Code

Effects of Optical Layer Impairments on 2.5 Gb/s Optical CDMA Transmission

http://www.tks.buffalo.edu/usg/Public/Mail/Imap-s/Stats/lookup.html

http://www.technologie.pl/fiber/zalacznik/artykuly/report09981.h
tm

http://telephonyonline.com/ar/telecom_seamless_mobility_real/index.ht
m
Electrical

by George Partasides

Optical CDMA

http://www.technologie.pl/fiber/zalacznik/artykuly/

Electrical

by George Partasides

Optical CDMA

EE 566: Optical Communications