COMPARISON OF

ADJECTIVES

ADJECTIVES
Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns
General
Opinion
Red, young,
big, small,
round, plastic

Descripti
ve
Adjective
s

Adjecti
ve

Good, bad,
lovely,
strange,
beautiful,

Food: tasty; delicious

Furniture, buildings:
comfortable;
uncomfortable
People, animals:
clever

Specific
Opinion

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
We often have one ortwoadjectives in front of a
noun:
E.g:
A beautiful girl; An excellent idea; A big black car;
That horrible big dog
A handsome young man
Sometimes we havethreeadjectives, but this
isunusual:
E.g:
anicehandsomeyoungman;
abigblackAmericancar;
It is very unusual to have more than three
adjectives.

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
0

Determ Gener
iner
al
opinio
n

Specif Size
c
opinio
n

A, an,
Big,
the,
sma
my,
ll
your,
larg
this,
e
those,

that,
some,
a few,
It is very unusual to
many
. adjectives.

Shap Age
e

Shor
t,
long
roun
d,
squa
re

Col
or

Nationali Materi
ty/
al
Origin

Youn Re
g
dbl
old
ue
antiq
ue

Italian,
America
n,.

have more than three

Silk,
woode
n,
gold,
iron,
silver,
plastic

9
NOUNS

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
- Comparison (n) s so snh
(v)
Compare
Comparative (adj)
There are two kinds of adjectives:
shortadjectives: 1-syllable adjectives and 2syllable adjectives ending in y
E.g: old, fast, happy, easy,
longadjectives: 2-syllable adjectives not

ending in y and all adjectives of 3 or

more syllables
E.g: modern, pleasant, expensive, interesting,

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
There are two ways to make or form a
comparative adjective:
shortadjectives: add"-er"
longadjectives: use"more"

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
Short adjectives: add ER
E.g: long => longer, tall => taller,
a) If the word ends in one vowel +
consonant: double the consonant
E.g: thin => thinner; hot => hotter; big =>
bigger
b)
If the word ends in two vowels +
consonant: do not double the consonant
E.g: : great => greater; poor => poorer
c) If the word ends in e: add r
E.g: large>larger
d) If the adjective ends in -y, change the y to i
and add er
E.g: pretty => prettier

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
e) If the adjective ends in er, le,
ow: add er
E.g: Clever => cleverer
Simple => simpler
Narrow => narrower
f) Irregular
adjectives
comparativ
positive
e
good
better
bad
worse
much
more
many
more
little
less
little
smaller

EXERCISE
Fat
Large
Rich
Poor
Clean
Young
Bad
Warm
Cheap
Brave

Fatter
Larger
Richer
Poorer
Cleaner
Younger
Worse
Warmer
Cheaper
Braver

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
Long adjectives: add MORE
E.g: modern => more modern

expensive => more expensive

* When making comparisons, use THAN:

E.g:
Mary is taller than John.
John is shorter than Mary.
The big television is more expensive than
the small one.
This chair is more comfortable than that
one.

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
There are two ways to make or form a
comparative adjective:
shortadjectives: add"-er"
longadjectives: use"more"

SUPERLATIVES
- Superlative /supltv/ (n) so snh nht
As with comparative adjectives, there are two
ways to form asuperlative adjective:
shortadjectives: add"-est"
longadjectives: use"most
We also usually add THE at the beginning

SUPERLATIVES
Short adjectives: add EST
E.g: long => the longest, tall => the tallest,
a) If the word ends in one vowel +
consonant: double the consonant, add EST
E.g: thin => the thinnest;
hot => the hottest; big => the biggest
b) If the word ends in two vowels +
consonant: do not double the consonant, add
EST
E.g:
: great
=>
the in
greatest;
poor => the
c) If the
word
ends
E: add ST
poorest
E.g: large => the largest
d) If the adjective ends in -y, change the y to i
and add EST

SUPERLATIVES
e) If the adjective ends in er, le,
ow: add EST
E.g: Clever => the cleverest
Simple => the simplest
Narrow => the narrowest
f) Irregular
=> Superlatives are used to
adjectives
compare one thing with
superlativ
several others.
positive
e
They are used with the...in,
or the...of; sometimes they
good
the best
are used with
bad
the worst
just the....
E.g: This is the longest river
much
the most
in the world.
This is the most expensive
many
the most
car of them all.
little
the least
This is the most expensive
car here.
the

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

BEATIFUL

INTELLIGENT

KIND
BRAVE

COLD

NAUGHTY

HONEST GENTLE
LOVELY

HANDSOME

SPECIAL ADJECTIVES
Some adjectives
havetwopossibleformsof comparison (er/est and more/most).
positive

comparative

superlative

clever

cleverer / more clever

cleverest / most clever

common

commoner / more
common

commonest / most common

likely

likelier / more likely

likeliest / most likely

pleasant

pleasanter / more pleasant pleasantest / most pleasant

polite

politer / more polite

politest / most polite

quiet

quieter / more quiet

quietest / most quiet

simple

simpler / more simple

simplest / most simple

stupid

stupider / more stupid

stupidest / most stupid

subtle

subtler / more subtle

subtlest / most subtle

sure

surer / more sure

surest / most sure

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
Difference in meaning with adjectives:
positive comparative superlative meaning
far

late

old
near

farther

farthest

distance

further

furthest

distanceor
time

later

latest

latter

last

older

oldest

peopleandthings

elder

eldest

people(family)

nearer

nearest

distance

next

order

* As as:
To say that two things or people are the same
or equal:
E.g: My son is as tall as you.
To say that two things or people are not the
same or equal:
E.g: The second half of the football match was
not as exciting as the frst half
* too,enough
The infnitive with to is often used after too +
adjective,
or not + adjective + enough.
It's too cold to swim today.
(We can't swim today. It's too cold.)

PARTICIPLE ADJECTIVES
Some participles (like 'bored' or 'boring') can be used as
adjectives. These are used in a slightly different way from
normal adjectives.
We usually use the past participle (ending in -ed) to talk about
how someone feels
E.g: I was reallyboredduring the flight (NOT: I was really boring
during the flight).
She'sinterestedin history (NOT: She's really interesting in history).
John'sfrightenedof spiders (NOT: John's frightening of spiders).
We usually use the present participle (ending in -ing) to talk
about the person, thing, or situation which has caused the feeling
E.g: It was such a long,boringflight (so I was bored).
I read a reallyinterestingbook about history (so I was interested).
Many people find spidersfrightening(so they're frightened when
they see spiders).

ADVERBS OF MANNER
Adverbs of manner are formed from adjectives by adding -LY:
E.g: quick => quickly; polite => politely; careful => carefully

He's a good worker. => He works well.

She's a hard worker. => She works hard.
She's a fast runner. => She runs fast.
* Irregular
adverbs
Adjective Adverb
good
hard
fast
early
late
loud

well
hard
fast
early
late
loud or loudly

COMPARISONS OF ADVERB
a) Most adverbs are used with more and most:
E.g: slowly => more slowly, the most slowly
dangerously => more dangerously, the most
b)
One-syllable adverbs add er and est:
dangerously
E.g: hard => harder, the hardest;
fast => faster, the fastest;
loud => louder, the loudest
c) The irregular comparisons are:
Adverb
well
badly
little
far

Comparative
s of Adverbs

Superlatives of
Adverbs
better
The best
worse
The worst
less
The least
farther/
The
farthest/furthest
further

DOUBLE COMPARATIVE
1. S + V + (short adj + er) + and + (short adj
+ er )
E.g: The days are longer and longer.
2. S + V + more and more + long adj
E.g: Our exercises become more and more difficult
3. S + V + less and less + long adj
E.g: She is less and less attentive

4. The more
+ S + V, + the more
+
S+V
less
less
comparative
comparative
E.g: The more he gives, the more he receives
The harder/more you study, the better your are

1. This is __________ __________ that one.

2. Their house is _________ __________ _________ ours.
3. He's __________ ___________ you are.
4. A Mercedes is __________ ___________ __________ a
Honda.
5. Our teacher is __________ ___________ yours.
6. The weather today is __________ ____________
what it was yesterday.
7. The house looks ___________ ___________ after the
housekeepers did their work.
8. We're looking for a _________
___________neighborhood.
9. Compared to our last experience,
this was ________ _________.
10. It's a lot __________ today ___________ it was

1. This isbetter thanthat one.

2. Their house ismore comfortable thanours.
3. He'staller thanyou are.
4. A Mercedes ismore luxurious thana Honda.
5. Our teacher iseasier thanyours.
6. The weather today iscolder thanwhat it was
yesterday.
7. The house looksmuch cleanerafter the
housekeepers did their work.
8. We're looking for amore convenientneighborhood.
9. Compared to our last experience, this wasmuch
better.
10. It's a lotwindiertodaythanit was yesterday.