ELECTRO- PNEUMATICS

An integration of pneumatic and electrical

technologies

By:

Engr. Ponciano M.Turalba Jr

Instructor
College of Engineering, Architecture, Fine Arts and Computing
Sciences
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

ELECTRO-PNEUMATICS
Integration of pneumatic and electrical
technologies has played an important
part in the development of a large
range
of
industrial
automation
solutions. More than ever, the need
for cost effective and efficient
production systems demands that
machine cycle times are minimized.

ELECTRO-PNEUMATICS
An electro-pneumatic control offers a
number
of
advantages
to
the
developers of the control systems.
Where signals are transmitted over
great distances in a control system,
the time between signal transmission
and signal reception is minimized
using electricity as the transmission
medium.

ELECTRO-PNEUMATICS
Where
growth
in
production
is
anticipated, the incorporation of
solenoid actuated valves also provides
the developer with the option of
developing the system to incorporate
a controller that allows the system
operating cycle to be altered as
production requirements change.

Sensing information
The sensing of information can be
carried out by roller actuated limit
switches,
magnetically
actuated
switches or electronic sensors that
sense whether or not a particular
operation
has
occurred.
This
information
is
passed
to
the
processing device, which may be a
relay.

Reed Switch

ELECTROPNEUMATIC
CONTROL SYSTEM

Consists of an electrical control system

operating a pneumatic power system.

Solenoid valves are used as interfaces

between electrical and pneumatic
devices.

Signal Elements & Feedback devices,

such as limit switches and non-contact
sensors are electrical.

COMPONENTS OF AN ELECTRO- PNEUMATIC

CONTROL SYSTEM
WORKING ELEMENTS

: rotary and linear actuators

CONTROL ELEMENTS

: solenoid valves, relays

PROCESSING ELEMENTS
SIGNAL ELEMENTS

: relays
: contacts, sensors, switches

WORKING MEDIUM

: compressed air

CONTROL MEDIUM

: electric current

ACCESSORIES

: tubings, fittings, manifolds

: wires, relay sockets,

INPUT / SIGNAL ELEMENTS

MOMENTARY CONTACT SWITCHES

LATCHING SWITCHES
ROLLER ACTUATED SWITCHES
REED SWITCHES
SENSORS
Inductive Proximity Sensor
Capacitive Proximity Sensor
Optical or Photo Electric Sensor

MOMENTARY CONTACT
SWITCHES (Normally Open &
Normally Closed)

ROLLER ACTUATED
SWITCHES

INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR

Principle of Operation

The oscillator circuit generates an

electromagnetic field which is radiated
from the active face of the sensor
A metal object (target) introduced in the
sensing filed absorbs the energy from
the oscillator
The
electromagnetic
energy
is
transformed into Eddy Current in the
object.
This reduces the amplitude of the
oscillation.
The trigger circuit detects the reduction
in the amplitude and produces a signal
to the output device to close.
When the object leaves the sensing
field, the oscillator regenerates and the
switch resets

Capacitive Proximity Sensor

Principle of Operation

The sensing surface of a capacitive

sensor is formed by two concentrically
shaped metal electrodes of an
unwound capacitance.
When the target nears the capacitive
proximity sensor, its positive and
negative
charges
separate.
The
negative charges in the target are
attracted to the positive charge of the
electrode.
As the negative charge is now nearer
to the electrode, the electrostatic
capacitance of the electrode increases.
The trigger circuit produces a signal to
the output switching device to close.

Three-wire Sensor

3-wire Reed Switch

Electronic
Sensor

Optical Sensor

3/2 way Valve

SINGLE SOLENOID

5/2 way VALVE

SINGLE SOLENOID

5/2 way VALVE

DOUBLE SOLENOID

5/2 WAY Valve

SINGLE SOLENOID WITH INTERNAL PILOT

MANUAL OVERRIDE CONTROL

RELAY and its

FUNCTION
A

relay
is
an
electromagnetically
operated
switch
consist of coil, iron
core, and 2 or more
contacts.

Functions of Relay
Multiplier of
contacts
Amplification of
signal
Holding contact

CONTACTS OF
RELAY

Switches and Relay

contacts

Relay
Relays are used as processing and
final control elements and like
switches may consist of a simple
contact pair or they may have
large number of normally open,
normally closed or changeover
contacts.

Parts of a Relay
Lever

Return spring

Contact plates

Field coil

Mounting

Core / plunger

Terminals

Housing

RELAY

relay

Relay and symbols

Types of Control

Solenoid actuated valve

Direct Control

Indirect Control

ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Electro-pneumatics involves pneumatic actuators
being controlled by electrical signals.
As such, it requires two circuits: pneumatic and
electrical.
Pneumatic circuit : for pneumatic actuators
with solenoid valves
Electric circuit : for signal elements such as sensors,
limit switches, relays, solenoids, and may sometimes
include electrical loads.

S1

S2

S3

Y1

S4

Y2

24 V dc

PB

K1

K2
S2

K1

K3
S4

K2

S1

S3

K4
K1

0V

K1

K2

K3

K2

K3

K4

K3
Y1

K4
Y2

Electro-pneumatic
Application

On delay Relay
-is required if an adjustable time
difference is required between input (S1)
and output (K1)

Problem:
When a momentary contact switch is
actuated, the piston rod of a double-acting cylinder is to
be extended and press the packaging parts together
with the heated tool. When the front end position is
reached and after an adjustable period, the rod is to retract
automatically

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
(Welding Plastic Packaging)
Pneumatic:

Electrical

DROP-OUT DELAY

- application for an adjustable time difference

after the input signal S1 has been reset

Opening of a Door

When a momentary contact switch S1 or S2 is actuated,

the piston rod of a double-acting cylinder is to be
extended and the door is to remain open. When the
switch is released, the door should remain open for an
adjustable time and then closes automatically.

Pneumatic:

Electrical:

PRESSURE SWITCH

- are used to open or close electrical circuits at selected

pressure to actuate solenoid valves or other devices in the
system

Problem: The piston rod of a double-acting cylinder is to

extend when a start button is actuated momentarily. The
piston rod retracts when the front position is reached and
when a specific pressure is reached at the piston side.
Electrical
Pneumatic

ON OFF REGULATION