Chemistry originated from an

Arabic word al-kimiya , which

means the art of transforming
metals

Meaning of
chemistry
Chemical
in
daily life

Importanc
e
Chemistry
related
careers

Chemistrybased
industries

Scientific
investigati
on
Scientific
attitudes
and noble
values

Scientifi
c
method

Meaning of
chemistry

~ Chemistry is the study of the composition,

structure, properties and
interactions of matter.

Important of chemistry
Chemical in daily
life
~ All matter is chemical.
~ Chemicals are used in almost every aspect
of our lives.

Sodium chloride
is used as table
salt.

Acetic acid is used

as food
preservatives.

Barium sulphate is
used in paints.

Important of chemistry
Chemistry related
careers

Many careers rely on the knowledge of

chemistry.
Example

~Doctor
~Pharmacis
t
~Biochemist

~Cosmetic
Scientist

~Food
technologist

~Forensic
Scientist

~Chemical
engineer

~Nutritionist

Important of chemistry
Chemistry-based
industries
~ produce a wide range of useful products for
consumers and
support industries.
~contribute greatly to the economy, society and the
Example
development
of our country.
:

Petroleum
industry

Palm oil
industry

Rubber industry

Paint
industry

Agrochemical
industry

Scientific Method
Scientific method is a systematic method used to solve problems in science.

Gathering information about a phenomenon using our five

senses.
Hot water turns colder when it is left at room temperature.

Making a smart guess or a tentative explanation about the

phenomenon based on the observation.
The hot water turns colder because its temperature changes.

Asking a question based on the inference made.

How does the temperature of hot water change when the hot water
is left ?

Making a general statement about the relationship between a

manipulated variable and a responding variable to explain the
question asked.
The longer the hot water is left at room temperature, the lower is the
temperature.

A variable is a factor that affects the results of experiment.

~ Manipulated variable the factor that is purposely changed in an
experiment.
~ Responding variable the factor that changes with the
manipulated variable.
~ Controlled variable the factor that is kept constant throughout
an experiment.
In the case :
Manipulated variable Time taken to cool down water.
Responding variable Temperature of water.
Controlled variable -- Pressure

Deciding how to manipulate the chosen variable, what to measure and

how to keep the controlled variable constant.
The temperature of water is measured at intervals of 1 minute for a
period of 5 minutes.
The temperature of water is measured at the atmospheric
pressure.

Determining the list of materials and apparatus, the exact

procedure of the experiment, the method or collecting data and ways
to analyse
interpret the collected data.
Material:
Hot and
water
Apparatus: Thermometer, stopwatch, cardboard, beaker.
Procedure:
1. A beaker containing hot water is placed on a pieces of cardboard.
2.The initial temperature of water is recorded and the stopwatch is
started.
3.The temperature of water is recorded at intervals of 1 minute for a
period of 5 minutes.
Results:
Time
(minute)

Temperatur
e of water
(C)

Time
(minute)

Temperatur
e of water
(C)

Making observations or measurements and then recording them

systematically.

Organising and analysing data. Calculations, graphs or charts are

usually drawn to look for any relationship between the variables.

Making a statement about the outcome of the experiment and whether

the hypothesis is accepted or rejected.
The temperature of hot water decreases with time. The hypothesis is
accepted.

Writing a report

Making an observation
Making an inference
Identify the problem
Making a hypothesis
Identifying the variables
Controlling the variables
Planning an experiment
Collecting data
Interpreting the data
Making a conclusion
Writing a report