Principal Parts of the

Verbs
Continuation

Participles have three functions in

sentences. They can be COMPONENTS
OF VERBS, OR THEY CAN FUNCTION AS
ADJECTIVES, OR NOUNS.
Participles in Multipart Verbs
A verb can have as many as four parts.
When you form a multipart verbs, you can use
a combination of auxiliary verbs and participle.

Examples:
Our pet crocodile ate Mrs. Santos
poodle.
ate simple past tense (not participle)
With a big stick, Mrs. Santos was beating
our pet crocodile over the head in an
attempt to retrieve her poodle.
was auxiliary verb
beating- present participle

Our pet crocodile has been stalkinf

neighborhood pets because my brother
Jose forgets to feed the poor reptile.
has auxiliary verb
been past participle
stalking present participle

Our pet crocodile should have been

eating the crunchy nuggets that Henry
leaves for him in a place.
should, have auxiliary verbs
been past participle
eating present participle

Participle as Adjectives
Past and Present participles often function
as adjectives that describe nouns.
Example:
The crying baby drew a long breath and
sucked in a spider crouching in the corner
of the crib.
Which baby? The crying baby
Which spider? The one that is
crouching in the corner

Participles as Nouns
Present participles can function as nouns
the subjects, direct/indirect objects,
object of the preposition, and subject
complement in sentences. Whenever a
present participle functions as a noun,
you call it as gerund.
Examples:
Sneezing exhaust Susan.
Valerie hates cooking.

We gave jumping game a chance.

Jun bit her tongue instead of criticizing
her proms date powder.
Johns favorite sport is water-skiing.

Regular Verbs
The principal parts of verb are those
from which all forms of verb are made.

Present infinitive (Present)

Past
Past Participle

Regular Verb

forms its Past and

PP by adding ed, d to the Present.
Present

Past

Past
Participle

Dance

Danced

Danced

Open

Opened

Opened

Irregular Verb

one that does NOT

form its Past and PP by ed or d.
Present

Past

Past
Participle

Set

Set

Sit

Speak

Spoke

Spoken

Put

Put

Put

The Progressive Form

The progressive form is used to show
an ongoing action. It is formed by
using the form of be = (is, was, has
been, must be, might have been) with
the present participle. It shows that an
action is in progress.
Example:
She ________________ studying.

Verbs can appear in any one of the

three progressive tenses.
Present Progressive The cake is
baking slowly
Past Progressive The trees were
waving back and forth.
Future Progressive The children will
be crying.

Emphatic Forms
Use do, does, did to emphasize the
verb.

The children does learn quickly here.

The children do learn quickly here.
The children did learn quickly here.

Tenses
Simple Present Tense:
It tells something that exists at the
present moment.
The students are in the basketball
court. (right now)
The salad smells sour. (at this
moment)

The present form of action verbs are used to

tell repeated/regular and habitual action.
The family goes to America every summer.
The present form of action verbs are used to
tell something that is generally true at all
times.
The sun sets in the west.

Used to tell permanent condition.

Zamboanga is in Mindanao.
The Pope lives in Vatican.

Historical present is a past action,

which for dramatic purposes, is
described as occuring in the present.
The use of the present tense in this
case makes the description vivid.

Suddenly a German plane dives

vertically through our formation firing as
he goes. He misses.
The fire in the room is out now, but the
smoke is still heavy. There must be fire
in the walls. A man from ladder
company arrives and pulls the cealing
down in huge chucnks. Now we can see
the fire. He backs out of the room so he
I can hit it. then we return to the other
rooms to let loose a final bath. Our job
is finished. On the street we hear Pete
has nasty burn on his leg.

Simple Past Tense

It indicates events that happened at a
specific time in the past.
Mother was in Italy five years ago.
They came at 2:30 this afternoon.
We heard about the good news
yesterday.

A past tense denote past action. Regular

verbs form its PT by adding -ed or d.
The storm caused much damage.
The expression used to followed by
theverb shows past time. Indicates
that the action expressed no longer
takes place.
He used to play hooky.

Simple Future Tense

Future time is shown by shall or will
with the present form of the verb.
I am going to leave for Canada in
December.
I shall listen.
We will listen.

Will - in USA and other Englishspeaking countries in all persons to

express simple futurity or a simple
future happening is observed.

I will attend my class on Monday.

You will buy the book next week.

Shall - expressing emphatic future in

connection with strong determination,
definite obligation, or authoritative
command, laws resolution...
I shall return.
Being the sergeant-at-arms, you shall
maintain order in the meeting.
New cabinet members shall be
appointed.

...used with the first person and will for the second and third
persons to express simple futurity.

I shall go to the mall on Sunday.

You will study in the libaray.

Note: Other way of indicating time by usage idioms rather

than by tense, particularly future action are observed.

We expect to hear Phoebe in a day or two.

Be sure he is going to cook dinner for us.

Present Perfect Tense

is formed by adding has or have to

the past participle of the verb.
has
has
has
has
has

gone have gone

done have done
written
have written
worked
have worked
finished
have finished

Uses of the Present Perfect Tense

To denote an action that began in the
past and continues into the present
a) We have lived in Quezon City for three years.
b) They have been here since this morning.
c) Miss Diaz has taught English since 1990.

To denote an action or state of being

completed at the time statement is made if
no definite past time is indicated.
a) We have heard the stroy several times.
b) I have asked her many times to give me her
address.
c) Leo has alreadt read the book.

Past Perfect Tense

is formed by adding had to the past

participle of the verb.
had chosen
had drunk

had answered
had learened (learnt)

Use of the Past Perfect Tense

It is used to express an action that
happened before another past action.
1. He had finished his work before we arrived.
2.My sister had left when I came home.
Note:
The past action that was completed before
another past action is expressed by the past
perfect tense.

Future Perfect Tense

is formed by adding will have or shall
have to the past participle of the verb.
shall
shall
shall
shall
shall
shall

or
or
or
or
or
or

will
will
will
will
will
will

have
have
have
have
have
have

flown
cooked
sunk
taken
polished
shown

Use of Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect tense is used to
denote a future action that will happen
before another fucture action or before
specified time in the future.
1. I shall have written my assignment before
the bell will ring for dismissal.
2. He will have cleaned the room before the
class will bigen.
3.He will have taken his examination by
tomorrow morning.