PRODUKSI BERSIH

Katharina
Oginawati
Katharina Oginawati
07/29/15

Prioritas Proft

ISO 14001
EMAS
Eco-effisiensi

Sangat
Sulit
Produksi Bersih

EoCM
3 kemenangan
Sederhana
GHK

Lebih sulit

Analisis
Siklus
Kehidupan

Prioritas Lingkungan Hidup

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PRODUKSI BERSIH
Katharina
Departmen Teknik Lingkungan
Oginawati
Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Pendahuluan
Landasan Pengembangan & Penerapan Produksi Bersih
Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 1997; Pasal 10, butir e :
mengembangkan dan menerapkan perangkat yang bersifat
preemtif, preventif dan proaktif dalam upaya pencegahan
penurunan daya dukung dan daya tampung lingkungan hidup.
Perangkat pengelolaan lingkungan yang bersifat preemtif,
preventif dan proaktif antara lain adalah PRODUKSI BERSIH.
Produksi Bersih telah dikembangkan oleh Bapedal sejak tahun
1993. Pengembangan dan penerapannya dapat menjadi landasan
peningkatan kinerja pengelolaan lingkungan, penerapan Sistem
Manajemen Lingkungan hingga sertifikasi Ekolabel.
Tahun 1995 dicanangkan Komitmen Nasional Penerapan Produksi
Bersih. Tahun 1996 Bapedal menyusun Rencana Aksi Penerapan
Produksi Bersih. Tahun 2003, KLH menerbitkan Kebijakan
Nasional penerapan produksi Bersih.

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Produksi Bersih
Upaya penerapan yang kontinyu pada
suatu strategi pengelolaan lingkungan
yang intergral dan preventif terhadap
proses, produk, dan jasa untuk
meningkatkan eco-efisiensi dan
mengurangi terjadinya resiko terhadap
manusia dan lingkungan

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Pengertian Teknologi Bersih

UNEP : Strategi pengelolaan lingkungan yang
bersifat preventif dan terpadu yang diterapkan
secara terus menerus pada proses produksi,
produk dan jasa sehingga meningkatkan eko
efisiensi dan mengurangi terjadinya resiko
terhadap manusia dan lingkungan
Mencakup upaya peningkatan efesiensi dan efektifitas
dalam pemakaian bahan baku, energi dan sumber daya
lainnya sehingga mengurangi penggunaan bahan
berbahaya dan beracun sehingga mengurangi jumlah
dan toksisitas seluruh limbah dan emisi yang
dikeluarkan sebelum meninggalkan proses

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Mengapa Produksi Bersih?

Penekanan Biaya :
Produk
End of pipe
Menjaga kesehatan
Pembersihan Lingkungan
Produksi bersih dapat dilakukan dengan:
Penerapan know-how?
Perbaikan teknologi
Pelibatan pelaku manajemen

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Pengelolaan Lingkungan
Prinsip Pencegahan pencemaran
Pengendalian pencemaran
Remediasi

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Penerapan Strategi Produksi Bersih

Bahan pembantu, Energi, air dll

Bahan Baku

Proses

Limbah diperlukan

Limbah

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Limbah merupakan pertanda adanya

ketidak-efisienan suatu proses

Tingkatan dalam pengelolaan limbah

1. Pencegahan
2. Pengurangan
3. Penggunaan kembali dalam proses
4. Penggunaan kembali di luar proses
5. Pengolahan
6. Penguburan ???

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integrated waste management hierarchy

Somppi, JL,1998

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Program 6R
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Refine, memurnikan atau menghilangkan kontaminan

dari bahan baku atau bahan pembantu
Reduce, mengurangi kebutuhan bahan baku secara
stokiometri proses sehingga mengurangi limbah
Reuse, pemakaian kembali bahan baku/pembantu
proses untuk proses yang serupa
Recycle, pemakaian kambali bahan baku/pembantu dan
hasil samping proses untuk proses yang berbeda
Recovery, pengambilan kembali material yg masih
memiliki nilai tambah
Retrive to Energi, merubah material sisa proses menjadi
sumber energi

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Penerapan Teknologi Bersih

Digalakan di negara yang sudah
berkembang
Pengkajian di negara sedang
berkembang
Di berbagai industri, diantaramya
industri logam, pulp dan kertas,
tekstil, dan industri yang
menghasilkan B3 lainnya
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Case study in paper manufacture

1. About Company
Name: Scott Limited
Number of employee: 1,200
Product: tissue paper
Productivity: 100,000 ton/year

2. Background
Raw material: wood pulps, recycled waste paper
Operation: dilute suspension is filtered through a mesh belt
Waste problem: pulp lost in liquid effluent high suspended
solids

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Paper Fibre and Water recovery

3. Alternatives
upgrading effluent treatment plat
installing novel recovery stage upstream

4. Clean Technology
Install Dissolved Air Flotation System to recover more
fibre and water

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Results - Case study

* Economic benefits
installation cost
: f 2 million
end of pipe treatment : f 1 million
In any event
Investment in clean tech : f 1 million
Payback time : app. 5 years

* Advantages
SS low
reusable clarified water recovered
fibre reclaimed
process simple
no extra operating staff

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WASTE MINIMIZATION
Katharina
Department
of Environmental Engineering
Oginawati
Institute Technology of Bandung

07/29/15

Why Waste Minimization

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What is Waste Minimization ?

Source Reduction
To prevent the generation of waste at its point of origin

RECYCLE
It is integrating environmental constraints
in the production units

What else in Detail ?

It is the use of materials, processes or practices that reduce
or eliminate the creation of pollutants or wastes at the sources
It is the use of practices that reduce the use of hazardous
and non-hazardous materials, energy, water or other resources

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Benefit of Waste Minimization

Ecologically & Economically
1. Environmental Protection
2. Improvement of working conditions
3. Saving raw materials
4. Saving energy
5. Improving quality of product

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Incentives
Getting Management Plan and Commitment
Economic
Reduce waste management costs
Improve operation
Reduce liability risks
Increased competitive advantage

Compliance with regulations

Reduction in liabilities associated with waste
Improve public image
Reduced environmental impact
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Benefits
Reduces Risk of Liability
By reducing the volume and potential toxicity
of waste generated

Reduces Operating Costs

Material costs, waste management and disposal costs,
production costs, energy costs

Improved Company Image

By providing a safe environment

Reduces Risk of Liability

By reducing ecological damage due to raw material
extraction and refining operations

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How should Waste Minimization be?

Not adversely impact product quality or marketability
Offer cost benefits, at least in the long run
Readily transferable to other industries
Technological achievability

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How to Waste Minimization?

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General Techniques
for Sources Reduction

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Techniques for Recovery & Recycle

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Comparing Various Methods

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Waste Minimization Program

Why are we implementing ?
We want to protect our environment

What will be done ?

We will reduce or eliminate amounts of all types waste, and
improve energy efficiency

Who will implement ?

Everyone will be involved

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Obstacle to Minimum Waste

Reduction
Political
Bureacratic
resistance
Human conservation

Financial
Disposal subsidies
Scare money

Piecemeal legislation Entrench disposal

industry
Media sensationalism
Public ignorance and
misinformation

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Technical
Lack of centralized
reliable information
Lack of assistance
with the application of
waste reduction
approaches to
individual needs/uses

When do people feel committed

to Waste Minimization program ?
If they are ENCOURAGED to:
Help define company goals and objectives
Review processes/operations to find where and how
toxic/hazardous substances & wastes are used and
generated
Recommend ways to eliminate wastes at source

Design/modify forms and records to monitor materials

used and wasted

Think of ways to acknowledge and reward employee

contribution to the waste minimization effort

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Preparing Program

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Issues on Developing and Implementing

Waste Minimization Program
Site reviews

: Supplement and explain existing data

Good planning : Essential for efficient site reviews

Look at procedure as they are performed in the production environment

Normalization factors:
factors * Units produced
* Hours of labour
* Hours of production
Identify waste sources
Material balance : Reveals quantities lost to emission or to
accumulation in equipment
Expertise of a variety of people : Required for technical evaluation
Cost/Benefits of Waste Minimization : be quantified

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Issues on Implementing Phase

Waste minimization is a continuing program, not an one-time effort
Justify projects & obtain fundings,
Consider tangible and intangible benefits
Waste minimization programme should compete with other profitmaking project alternatives on the basis of cost-effectiveness
Install/Modify equipment

: * Operational
* Procedural
* Material changes

Implement new procedures: As a result of process modification or

installation of new equipment
Evaluate Performance of Program:
Result must be measured and evaluated
Program should reflect improvements in:
* Project management cost * Public image
* Operation
* Environment quality
* Liability risks
* Product quality
* Competition advantage

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Issues in Maintaining the Program

Talking and reporting are essential
Reports should be communicated to all employees

through written announcement and meetings

Show employees their ideas are welcome
Good suggestions should be put into practice & recognized
Classroom interaction generates ideas
Advanced training

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Sampai Jumpa Lagi

Pileuleuyan

07/29/15