Beruflich Dokumente
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Purpose
How will a structure perform when subjected to
a given level of earthquake?
Definition of structural performance
Definition of earthquake level
Determination of performance level
Process
Recently released guidelines for Seismic
Rehabilitation of Buildings:
ATC-40
FEMA 273 (ATC-33)
Force Measure
Performance Limits
(IO, LS, CP)
Deformation Measure
Verify acceptance
Capacity Spectrum Method (ATC-40)
Displacement Coefficient Method (FEMA 273)
Define Loads
Gravity
Lateral load pattern
Pushover Modeling
Definition of Structural Model
3D or 2D
Primary and Secondary Elements (components)
Non structural Elements
Foundation flexibility
P-Delta effects
Types
Truss - yielding and buckling
3D Beam - major direction flexural and shear hinging
3D Column - P-M-M interaction and shear hinging
Panel zone - Shear yielding
In-fill panel - Shear failure
Shear wall - P-M-Shear interaction!
Spring - for foundation modeling
Force
C
B
Deformation
Force
Deformation
Span Loads
Plastic Hinge
Shear Hinge
Rigid Zone
Shear Hinge
Plastic Hinge
Rigid Zone
Uniform
Code Lateral
Mode 1
Limit of analysis
Instability - loss of gravity load carrying capacity
Excessive distortions
Base Shear
Roof Displacement
Base Shear
Roof Displacement
Force Measure
Deformation Measure
Base Shear
Spectral Acceleration
Roof Displacement
Spectral Displacement
MDOF
Spectral
Acceleration
S a V / W / 1
Spectral
Acceleration
eq 0 0.05
0 (1 / 4 ) * ( E D / Eso )
factor
Spectral Displacement
Spectral
Acceleration
Ed
Eso
Spectral Displacement
Spectral
Acceleration
Time Period
Spectral
Acceleration
2.5CA/Bs
CV/(T BL)
Time Period
Spectral
Acceleration
T0
Time Period
T0
Spectral
Acceleration
Sd = SaT /4
2
Spectral Displacement
Spectral
Acceleration
Performance Point
Demand Spectrum for effective
damping at performance point
Capacity Spectrum
Spectral Displacement
Spectral Acceleration
Performance Point
Spectral Displacement
Force Measure
Performance Limits
(IO, LS, CP)
Deformation Measure
2
C0 C1 C2 C3 S a Te
/( 4 )
2
Vy
Ke = Ks
Estimate Te using Ke
.6Vy
Ke
S T /( 4 )
Roof Displacement
Calculation of C0
Relates spectral to roof displacement
- use modal participation factor for control
node from first mode
- or use modal participation factor for
control node from deflected shape at the
target displacement
- or use tables based on number of stories
and varies from 1 to 1.5
Calculation of C1
Modifier for inelastic displacement
C1 = [1 +(R-1)T0/Te]/R
Spectral
Acceleration
C1 = 1
T0
Time Period
R is elastic strength
demand to yield
strength
Calculation of C2
Modifier for hysteresis loop shape
- from Tables
- depends on Framing Type
(degrading strength)
- depends on Performance Level
- depends on Effective Period
- varies from 1.0 to 1.5
Calculation of C3
Modifier for dynamic second order effects
C3 = 1 if post yield slope, is positive
else
C3 = 1 +[ ||(R-1)3/2 ]/Te
Force Measure
Verification of Acceptance
Target Displacement (or
corresponding deformation)
for given Earthquake
Performance Limits
(IO, LS, CP)
Deformation Measure
- Observed damage
Force
Deformation
Span Loads
Plastic Hinge
Shear Hinge
Rigid Zone
Pushover analysis
- Starts from gravity loads
- Nodal Load Patterns (user, modal, mass)
- Multi-step Displacement or Drift controlled
Graphs
- Base Shear vs Roof Displacement
- Capacity Curve
- Demand Curve
- Demand Spectra at different dampings
- Effective period lines