Human Rights

INTRODUCTION
What is human rights?
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever
our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin,
color, religion, language, or any other status.
We are all equally entitled to our human rights without
discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent
and indivisible.
Human rights are something we all share. They are about
recognizing the value and dignity of all people.
In learning about human rights, we learn about ideas of respect,
fairness, justice and equality. We learn about standing up for our
own rights and our responsibility to respect the rights of others.
Understanding human rights shapes our thinking and our actions
because human rights are about real life issues. For example:
- Having clean water to drink and food to eat
- Being able to go to school and have a job
- Being treated fairly by others, regardless of your age, religion,race or
where you
born

Why Human Rights important?

Human Rights are important because if you didnt t
have them then your life would be controlled by the
government or by somebody else and if you didnt have
the right to do your own thing then you wouldnt be able
to and it would be controlled but the reason they are
important is because we need them.
Type of human rights
There two types of human rights:
- Human right in Islam
- Human right in West

Human rights commonly include:

security rights that prohibit crimes such as

murder/"enforced" involuntary suicide, massacre, torture
and rape
liberty rights that protect freedoms in areas such as belief
and religion, association, assembling and movement
political rights that protect the liberty to participate in
politics by expressing themselves, protesting, participating
in a republic
due process rights that protect against abuses of the
legal system such as arrest and imprisonment without trial,
secret trials and excessive punishments
equality rights that guarantee equal citizenship, equality
before the law and nondiscrimination
welfare rights (also known as economic rights) that
require the provision of, e.g., education, paid holidays, and
protections against severe poverty and starvation

HUMAN RIGHTS IN ISLAM

When we speak of human rights in Islam we really
mean that these rights have been granted by Allah; they
have not been granted by any king or by any legislative
assembly.
Those who do not judge by what God has sent down
are the disbelievers (kafirun). 5:44 The following verse
also proclaims: "They are the wrong-doers (zalimun)
(5:45), while a third verse in the same chapter says:
"They
are the evil-livers (fasiqun)" (5:47). In other words this
means that if the temporal authorities regard their own
words and decisions to be right and those given by God
as wrong they are disbelievers.

Basic things to know in Human Right in Islam :

The Right to Life
The Right to Life has been given to man only by Islam
- The first and the foremost basic right is the right to live and respect
human
life. The Holy Quran lays down:
Whosoever kills a human being without (any reason like) man
slaughter, or
corruption on earth, it is as though he had killed all mankind
(5:32)

If anyone has murdered a human being, it is as if he has slain the

entire
human race. These instructions have been repeated in the Holy Quran in
another place saying:
Do not kill a soul which Allah has made sacred except through
the due process
of law 6:151)

The Right to the Safety of Life

In connection with the right to life, Allah has said: "And
whoever
saves a life it is as though he had saved the lives of all
mankind" (5:32).

Respect for the Chastity of Women

The words of the Holy Quran in this respect are: "Do not
approach
(the bounds of adultery)" (17:32). Heavy punishment has
been
prescribed for this crime, and the order has not been
qualified by any
conditions. Since the violation of chastity of a woman is
forbidden in
Islam, a Muslim who perpetrates this crime cannot escape
punishment
whether he receives it in this world or in the hereafter. The
protection of

The Right to a Basic Standard of Life

Speaking about the economic rights the Holy Quran enjoins
upon its
followers: And in their wealth there is acknowledged right for
the needy and
destitute. (51:19)

Individual's Right to Freedom

Islam has clearly and categorically forbidden the primitive
practice of
capturing a free man, to make him a slave or to sell him into
slavery. On this
point the clear and unequivocal words of the Prophet (S) are
as follows:
"There are three categories of people against whom I shall
myself be a
plaintiff on the Day of Judgement. Of these three, one is he
who enslaves a

 The Position of Slavery in Islam:

- The position and nature of slavery in Islam, they tried to solve the problem
of the slaves that were in Arabia by encouraging the people in different ways
to set their slaves free.
The Right to Justice
- No man should ever fear injustice at their hands, and they should treat
every human being everywhere with justice and fairness. The Holy Quran has
laid down: "Do not let your hatred of a people incite you to aggression" (5:2).
"And do not let ill-will towards any folk incite you so that you swerve from
dealing justly. Be just; that is nearest to heedfulness" (5:8).
Equality of Human Beings
- Islam not only recognizes absolute equality between men irrespective of any
distinction of colour, race or nationality, but makes it an important and
significant
principle, a reality. The Almighty God has laid down in the Holy Quran: "O
mankind, we have created you from a male and female." In other words all
human beings are brothers to one another. They all are the descendants from one
father and one mother. "And we set you up as nations and tribes so that you may
be able to recognize each other" (49:13).

 The Right to Co-operate and Not to Co-operate

- Islam has prescribed a general principle of paramount importance and
universal application saying: "Co-operate with one another for virtue and
heedfulness and do not co-operate with one another for the purpose of
vice
and aggression" (5:2). This means that the man who undertakes a noble
and
righteous work, irrespective of the fact whether he is living at the North
Pole
or the South Pole, has the right to expect support and active co-operation
from the Muslims.
The Right to Avoid Sin
- Islam also confers this right on every citizen that he will not be ordered
to
commit a sin, a crime or an offence; and if any govern- ment, or the
administrator, or the head of department orders an individual to do a
wrong,
then he has the right to refuse to comply with the order

RIGHTS OF ENEMIES AT WAR

Law of War and Peace in Islam:
- The rules which have been framed by Islam to make war civilized and
humane, are in the nature of law, because they are the injunctions of God
and His Prophet which are followed by Muslims in all circum- stances,
irrespective of the behaviour of the enemy.
The Rights of the Non-Combatants:
- Islam has first drawn a clear line of distinction between the combatants
and the non-combatants of the enemy country. As far as the noncombatant
population is concerned such as women, children, the old and the infirm.
The instructions of the Prophet are as follows: "Do not kill any old person,
any child or any woman" (Abu Dawud). "Do not kill the monks in
monasteries" or "Do not kill the people who are sitting in places of
worship
(Musnad of Ibn Hanbal).

The Rights of the Combatants:

Torture with Fire
In the hadith there is a saying of the Prophet that: "Punishment by fire
does not behave anyone except the Master of the Fire" (Abu Dawud). The
injunction deduced from this saying is that the adversary should not be
burnt
alive.
Protection of the Wounded
"Do not attack a wounded person"-thus said the Prophet. This means that
the
wounded soldiers who are not fit to fight, nor actually fighting, should
not be
attacked.
The Prisoner of War Should not be Slain
- "No prisoner should be put to the sword"-a very clear and unequivocal
instruction given by the Prophet (S).
No one Should be Tied to be Killed
"The Prophet has prohibited the killing of anyone who is tied or is in
captivity.
Return of Corpses of the Enemy

The United Nations Universal

Declaration of Human Rights states

Human Rights Day is observed by the international

community every year on 10 December. It commemorates
the day in 1948 the United Nations General Assembly
adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Its
formal inception dates from 1950, after the Assembly
passed resolution 423 (V) inviting all States and interested
organizations to adopt 10 December of each year as
Human Rights Day.

The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights

states, "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity
and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience
and should act towards one another in a spirit of
brotherhood."

The Universal Declaration of Human

Rights (1948)
Personal rights (dignity, equality)
Rights of the individual in society
(privacy, freedom of movement, right
to marry)
Public freedom and political rights
(freedom of thought, opinion)
Economic, cultural and social rights
(health, education, leisure)
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HUMAN RIGHTS IN WEST

The people in the West have the habit of attributing every

good thing to themselves and try to prove that it is because
of them that the world got this blessing, otherwise the
world was steeped in ignorance and completely unaware of
all these benefits.

Westerners had no concept of human rights and civil rights

before the seventeenth century. In the middle of the
present century, the United Nations, which can now be
more aptly and truly described as the Divided Nations,
made a Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and passed
a resolution against genocide
and framed regulations to
A young girl doing her school-work in
check it
Karachi, Pakistan. According to the
Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, everyone has the right to free
primary education.

Basic things to know in Human Right in West :

Freedom of religion
- Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
This right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and
freedom,
either alone or in community with others, to manifest his religion or
belief in
teaching, worship and observance.
Born free and equal in dignity and rights
- They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards
another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Freedom of opinion and expression

- To hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart
information through any media and regardless of frontiers.

 Right to equality
- All human beings are
born free and equal in
dignity and rights. They
are endowed with
reason and conscience
and should act towards
one another in a spirit
of brotherhood.

Equality

Human rights violations

Human rights violations are abuses of people in ways that

abuse any fundamental human rights. It is a term used
when a government violates national or international law
related to the protection of human rights. According to the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights fundamental human
rights are violated when, among other things:

A certain race, creed, or group is denied recognition as a

"person". (Articles 2 & 6)
Men and women are not treated as equal. (Article 2)
Different racial or religious groups are not treated as equal.
(Article 2)
Life, liberty or security of person is threatened. (Article 3)
A person is sold as or used as a slave. (Article 4)
Cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment is used on a person
(such as torture or execution). (Article 5) (See also Prisoners'
rights)
Victims of abuse are denied an effective judicial remedy.
(Article 8)
Punishments are dealt arbitrarily or unilaterally, without a
proper and fair trial. (Article 11)
Arbitrary interference into personal, or private lives by
agents of the state. (Article 12)
Citizens are forbidden to leave or return to their country.
(Article 13)