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Interview Questions
How have you been studying English besides this conversation
exchange?
In your opinion, what are the overall gains from the conversation
exchange?
How did the conversation exchange session help you in terms of your
nervousness about interacting with native speakers?
How do you think the conversation exchange has changed your selfconfidence in using the language?
How has this experience affected you with regard to your engagement
with native speakers outside of this conversation exchange?
Have you noticed any change in terms of your speaking/listening
skills and your use of speaking/listening strategies over the course of
the conversation exchange sessions?
What suggestions do you have regarding how to improve this
conversation exchange project in the future?
on grammar
Participant A ESL class (once a week) + informal
conversation class (once a week)
Participant B ESL tutorial (once a week)
Participant C - ESL class (three times a week) +
informal conversation class (once a week)
(participant C)
Confidence/nervousness
Nervousness decreased slightly (all)
More confident (participant A), no change in confidence
(participants B and C)
More confidence and less anxiety -> a possible
foundation on building learner autonomy
need to be independent
Creating opportunities for the learners to experiment
with the target language and to assess themselves
(Ridley, 2003)
Learner collaboration may also be helpful to certain
students a need to consider cultural variation in
the concept of autonomy (MacIntyre et al, 2009)
Learner anxiety may be a factor that hinders student
autonomous learning.