Renewable Energy:

Options, Capacity and

Interventions

NTDC Internship Program

Central Power Procurement Agency
(CPPA)
June July 2011

While the thirsty seeks

water,
water also seeks the thirsty

NTDC Internship Program 2011

1. Our Team:
Muhammad Usman Asghar
Ali Ahmad
Abdul Hannan
Saim Asim
Mohsin Ali
2. Internship Period: 20th June 22nd July 2011
3. Department: Central Power Procurement Agency, NTDC
4. Major Focus: Renewable Energy
5. Deliverables
Web Page http://shine143.webs.com
Multimedia presentation (available at the web)
Final Report (available at the web)

Todays Agenda
1. Concept of Renewable Energy
2. Types of Renewable Energy
3. Focusing on Solar Energy
4. Focusing on Wind Energy
5. International experience
6. Pakistan perspective
7. Our Wish List
8. Learning by Doing

Renewable
Energy

What Is Renewable Energy?

It is energy which comes from natural resources, that
are naturally replenished.
Types of sources

Sunlight
Wind
Tides
Geothermal heat

Why Renewable Energy?

Contrast Between Energy Sources
Conventional

Renewable

Green House gases (GHG) Minimum/least/no GHG

Depletion of sources

Endless Sources

Threat to environment

Environment friendly

Expensive

Cheaper

Types of
Renewable Energy

Solar Energy
1. Derived from sun through
solar radiations
2. Generation of electric
power through solar panels
Applications
. Solar lightening
. Solar thermal
. Agriculture
. Solar vehicles

De-merits Of Solar Energy

1. Higher initial/capital cost (equipment)
2. Pollution effects efficiency
3. No light at night or during cloudy weather
Yet
. Minimum operational cost

Wind Energy
Conversion of wind into electrical energy
Requires much less space
Easy to generate in remote areas
Environment friendly
De-merits
1. Unreliable wind speed
2. Higher capital cost
Yet
No by-products in terms of GHG
and
Very cheap operational cost

Hydel Energy
Electricity production by using gravitational force of
falling or flowing water
Responds quickly to fluctuations in demand
Great and precious source of irrigation water
Supports fisheries
De-merits
1. Higher initial cost
2. Longer construction time
3. Large relocation of people
Yet
. Offers large scale power at very cheap operational cost

Biomass
Biological material from living organisms such as wood,
waste and plant matter
Biomass is burnt to produce heat which is further utilized
to make steam for generating electricity
De-merits
1. Cost to collect, harvest & store
2. GHG emissions
3. Requires waste recycling

Geo Thermal Energy

Thermal energy naturally generated & stored in the earth
A natural source of heat for steam generation
No fuel required
De-merits
Hot spot within the earth crust usually found near
volcanoes
Harmful gases omission
Yet
Very cheap electricity

Focusing on Solar Energy

Solar Energy
1,330 watts per square meter of solar energy gifted by
Allah Almighty
10,000 times more than all commercial energy.
Remote electricity generation
Safe payback of investment

SOLAR

Why Solar Energy?

Readily available source
It is almost free except for initial cost
A non-polluting source of energy

Solar Energy - Some Facts

Limitations of Solar Energy

Sun does not shine consistently
Solar energy is a diffuse source
Location and cost are major drawback

Photo Voltaic Cells

A mechanism of generating
electrical power from solar radiation
First developed at Bell
Laboratories,1954
1958 - $2,000 / watt
1970 - $100 / watt
2002 - $5 / watt
2009 - $1 / watt

Storage of Solar Power

1. Storage is difficult and expensive
2. Lead-acid batteries

Heavy and have low energy density

3. Nickel-metal hydride batteries
Higher capacity & discharge rate
Used in hybrid cars
4. Lithium-ion batteries
Smaller, lighter, and more versatile
Expensive

Solar Energy Simplified

Model
SOLAR CELLS

CHARGE CONTROLLER

INVERTER

AC LOADS

BATTERIES

DC LOADS

Electricity Import and Export

Focusing On Wind Energy

Each blessing comes with a price tag; bearing certain

added responsibilities followed by accountability.

Power of Wind
Wind has ability to produce sufficient
mechanical movement
No GHG effect
Minimum production cost
Steady but significant
Lesser field area requirement
Growing efficient day by day

Animated Mechanism

How a Wind Turbine Works?

15 rpm

1500 rpm

Components
Rotor Blade
Gear Box
Generator
Tower
Batteries
Other equipment
for support and
interconnection

WTG Installation Process

International Experience

Wind Energy Growing Across the

Globe

Annual Growth = 25 %
Source: GWEC

World Leaders in Wind Energy

Top 10 wind power countries
Total Capacity
end 2009 (MW)

Total Capacity
June 2010 (MW)

United States

35,159

36,300

China

26,010

33,800

Germany

25,777

26,400

Spain

19,149

19,500

India

10, 925

12,100

Italy

4,850

5,300

France

4,521

5,000

United Kingdom

4,092

4,600

Portugal

3,535

3,800

Denmark

3,497

3,700

Rest of world

21,698

24,500

159,213

175,000

Country

Total

Pakistan Perspective

Storms make trees take deeper roots

Pakistan - Power Outlook

1. Big Demand/Supply Gap 18,338/12,616 MW (12 Jul

2011) (Actual demand is over 20,000 MW)

2. High Growth Rate 8% per year so the Demand &

Supply Gap is rising rapidly

3. What to do?

Either we wait for further disaster

Or
Increase Generation Capacity on Fast Track Basis!

Existing Viable Sources

Pakistan has 40,000 MW hydro power resource; we are
using only 16%
WAPDA plans 21,000 MW new capacity
PPIB also plans 4,800 MW new capacity
All with in next 12 years!
Indigenous reserves fast depleting
Law & order situation creates supply chain issues
No gas supply during winters, plants switch to oil

Pakistan 50 m Wind Power

Pakistan Potential
Country
150,000 MW
Sindh Corridor 40,000 MW

A wind corridor in Sindh

(Jhampir, Gharo and Keti
Bandar) has the potential
to produce 40,000-50,000
MW of electricity.

JHAMPIR

GHARO

WIND
MWh

KETI BANDER

Visits During Internship

Sapphire Power Plant
A combined cycle power plant
Running capacity: 209 MW
Efficiency: 51.2%

Creative Group
92 solar panels installed
130W power output of each
panel
114V output DC voltage

The kind of thinking that has got us

into this situation is not the kind of
thinking that will get us out.

Wish List of Group H

1. Build manufacturing facilities for renewable energy
equipment as local cottage industry
2. Launch Energy Fasting Campaign at national level:
Stop wastage of all types of energy including electricity
and water
3. Empower the people of Pakistan with the vision of
energy consciousness
4. Start providing education on best utilization of energy
from Grade 1
5. Throw all air-conditioners in the Arabian Sea for next 10
years

Learning by Doing
1. Defining the roadmap (scope, roles and responsibilities,
timeframe, etc.)
2. Explore relevant data
3. Authenticate and ensure currency of data
4. Share, discuss and convert data into meaningful info
5. Critical review of the quality and flow of the info
6. Enhance presentation skills through mutual guidance
Above all
We learnt how to enjoy & support each other while
delivering

We welcome your questions

with great enthusiasm!

Many thanks for joining a little

thinking and learning effort

Winners dont do different things,

They do things differently.

Tidal Energy Utilization

Run of the River

Small or no reservoir capacity

No reservoir means no construction cost of dam
No need to relocate people
However, power plant is subjected to seasonal river flows

Tidal Energy Utilization

Utilizes the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides.
Tidal energy is quite predictable
Longer life of tidal barrages (around 100 years)
High energy density

High Temperature Solar

Energy
Small mirrors arranged in concentric rings.
Light focuses on a heat absorber on top of the tower.

48

A Local Example of a Solar Pump

Solar Car Washing System Installed At TOTAL Petrol Pump

Rawalpindi
49

Wind Blowing All Over

1. What India installed during 13 years, USA installed only
2.
3.
4.

5.

last year.
Denmarks 15 years wind installations exceeded by
Chinas only last year performance
Turbines get bigger and bigger. Single turbine capacity
reached 15 MW.
Large wind farms start appearing on the map:
765 MW Horse Hollow Wind Farm, Texas
909 MW Shepherd's Flat Wind Farm, Oregon
4000 MW T. Boone Wind Farm, Texas
Wind farming becomes crop of 21st century