Improved Reactive

Power Capability
With Grid Connected Doubly Fed
Induction Generator

Gandhi Institute of Engg. & Technology Gunupur

A Brief Overview on Reactive Power

Active

power is the energy supplied to run an Electric

Appliances but reactive power is what that provides the
important function of regulating voltage.

If

voltage on the system is not high enough, active power

cannot be supplied.

Reactive

power is used to provide the voltage levels

necessary for active power to do useful work.

Reactive

power is essential to move active power through

the transmission and distribution system to the customer.

Lift
Reactiv
e
Power
Drag

Thrust

Active
Power
Gravit
Lift does not get you yany closer to your
destination but without it you are not flying

INTRODUCTION
The reactive power capability of DFIG depends on three
parameter (rotor voltage, rotor current, stator current) for
reactive power consumption.
From the principle of DFIG, the total reactive power
generation is limited by rotor voltage at low speeds and by
rotor currents at higher speed.
Reactive Power Capability also depends on the factor of
selecting Power Converters.
However Complete Reactive Power Capability also depends
on the Grid Side Converters.

DOUBlY FED INDUCTION GENERATOR

Doubly
Fed
Electric
Machines are electric motors or
electric generators that have windings on both stationary and
rotating parts, where both windings transfer significant active
power between shaft and electrical system.
Usually the stator winding is directly connected to the threephase grid and the three-phase rotor winding is fed from the grid
through a rotating or static frequency converter.
Doubly fed machines are typically used in applications that
require varying speed of the machine's shaft in a limited range
around the synchronous speed.
Today doubly fed drives are the most common variable speed
wind turbine concept.

DOUBLY FED INDUCTION

GENERATOR

HOW IT
OPERATES??

The DFIG consists of a 3 phase wound rotor and a 3 phase

wound stator. As the rotor rotates the magnetic field produced
due to the ac current also rotates at a speed proportional to the
frequency of the ac signal applied to the rotor windings.
The speed of rotation of the stator magnetic field depends on
the rotor speed as well as the frequency of the ac current fed
to the rotor windings.
The whole system consists of two back to back converters a
machine side converter is used to control the active and
reactive powers by controlling the d-q components of the
rotor ,torque and speed of the machine.
Grid side converter is used to maintain a constant dc link
voltage and ensures the unity power factor operation

HOW IT
OPERATES??

REACTIVE CHARACTERISTICS DFIG

1. It facilitates flow of active power from generation sources to
load centers and maintains bus voltages within prescribed
limits.
2. Stable operation of power systems requires the availability
of sufficient reactive generation.
3. The presence of power electronics control in DFIG makes
them a fast acting dynamic reactive resource as compared to
direct grid connected synchronous generators.
4. Reactive power capability for a wind plant is a significant
additional cost compared to conventional units which
possess inherent reactive capability.

MODELLING OF
DFIG
The doubly fed induction generator has been used for years
for variable speed drives.
Using vector control techniques, the bidirectional converter
assures energy generation at nominal grid frequency and
nominal grid voltage independently of the rotor speed.
To compensate for the difference between the speed of the
rotor and the synchronous speed with the slip control .

The main characteristics may be summarized as follows:

Limited operating speed range (-30% to + 20%)
Small scale power electronic converter (reduced power losses and price)
Complete control of active power and reactive power exchanged with
the grid
Need for slip-rings
Need for gearbox (normally a three-stage one)

For a DFIG associated with a back-to-back converter on the

rotor side and with the stator directly connected to the grid.
An SFOC (stator flux oriented control) system is used in
order to control separately the active and reactive power on the
stator side

CAPABILITY CURVE OF DFIG

The power output of a generator is usually limited to value
within the MVA rating by the capability of its prime mover.
When real power and terminal voltage is fixed, its armature
and field winding heating limits restricts the reactive power
generation from the generator.
The armature heating limit is a circle with radius, centered
on the origin

 From the figure that at 100% plant output, the use of the
capability curve does not give much additional reactive
support compared to the 0.95 leading operation.
Wind parks will very seldom operate continuously at 100%
output in the periods of operation below 100%, there is
significant additional reactive power available that could aid in
improved system performance.

CONCLUSION
The operation of DFIG wind farm implementing a capability
curve paves the way for regulatory changes.
In general guidelines for interconnecting wind farm are used
a restricted power factor.
When DFIG work with capability curve, fully utilizing the
potential of DFIG wind farm may be obtain at no extra cost to
the wind farm owner.
As the levels of wind penetration continues to increase the
reactive power the certain point it should be in limit.
At the 100% penetration the limit of reactive power in both
CC and RPF are almost same.

THANK YOU ALL !!!