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Overview
This module will cover the actual WLAN site survey
and installation. Topics covered in this module include
the importance of infrastructure awareness, and
creating an accurate network map as an initial step in
conducting a site survey. Mounting and installation
concerns will also be covered. Although determining
the appropriate coverage area involves trial and error,
experience and proper network maps can greatly
assist the survey engineer. Finally, the student will
learn how to document the entire process by creating
a site survey report or by appropriately responding to
Request for Proposals (RFPs).
Learning Objectives
Identify potential difficulties that may arise
while designing a wireless LAN due to the current
configuration of the wired LAN.
Make suggestions on how to make changes to
the wired LAN configuration to accommodate a
wireless LAN.
Make suggestion on how to reconfigure wired
LAN infrastructure equipment to support a
wireless LAN.
Identify potential design problems associated
with network cabling.
Identify facts and potential problems with
mounting antennas and access points.
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Learning Objectives
Identify facts on splitter and connectors.
Recommend the proper equipment for
plenum spaces.
Identify what should be included in a site
survey document.
Define characteristics of RF propagation.
Identify proper placements of access
points.
Identify access points limitations.
Key terms
Fire Wall
Riser
Service Loop
NEMA
RFP
LAN Infrastructure
Awareness
LAN Infrastructure
IT personnel already
overworked and not
looking to increase
workload
Customer expects a
professional,
detailed, all inclusive
site survey
A good site survey
and report will lead
to future business
for your company
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Switches
Ability for each
port to be seen
as a virtual LAN
Not just fancy
hubs
Switches (cont.)
Designed for
stationary users
See mobile
devices as
wandering from
VLAN to VLAN
Accommodate
Cisco Aironet
Access Points
VLAN 1
Switch
VLAN 2
Switches (cont.)
VLAN 1
VLAN 3
Switch
VLAN 2
STOP
Host
Data
Switches (cont.)
Group devices
on a single
VLANs
Switch
Host
Data
Switches (cont.)
Switch
VLAN
Data
Host
Switches (cont.)
Use VLANs to
propagate across
access points
Access points
handle up to 16
VLANs
Use a router to
span across
VLANs
VLAN 101
VLAN 102
VLAN 102
VLAN 100
VLAN 101
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Routers
Present considerations
similar to switches
Stop broadcast packets
Must be configured for IP
Helper Address in order to
pass DHCP packets
May indicate
Remote host
May require static route
Need for support of Proxy
Mobile IP
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Other Considerations
DHCP addresses
for mobile users
on VLANs
Application
least common
denominator
VLAN 1
Host
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Proxy Mobile IP
Home Agent / Foreign Agent
AP 2.2.2.157
AP 1.1.1.30
Laptop 1.1.1.39
Before Roam
Laptop 1.1.1.39
After Roam
Site Survey
Make customer
aware of potential
problems
Be proactive
instead of reactive
Your chance to
help the customer
Reputations win
further business
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Site Survey
RF Propagation
Radio waves are
reflected just
like light waves
Can reduce the
reflected
waves by using
directional
antennas
RF Propagation (cont.)
Waves 1800 out of
phase will create a
null or dead spot
Use diversity
antennas to help
overcome nulls
When using a
single antenna,
change the
antenna location to
overcome the null
Nulls
RF Propagation (cont.)
If the RF wave is
unable to pass
through an object,
it may suffer from
Diffraction
Diffraction creates
RF shadows
Shadow
Preparation
Prior to arrival
Ensure your equipment
is operational
Configure equipment
(if possible)
Determine if manlift is
needed
Who will provide the
lift?
Make sure batteries
are fully charged
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Site Survey
Channel Selection
AP1
Channel 1
AP 5
AP 3
Channel 6
Channel 11
AP 4
AP 2
Channel 6
Channel 1
AP 6
Channel 11
Data Rates
Surveyed at 2 Mbps
Site Survey
Freezers
Perishable Goods 36o F
Freezer 0o F
Freezer -5o F
Freezer -20o F
Antenna Splitters
WRONG!
Freezer
OK
OK
2.4 GHz Technology
Multi-floor Survey
AP 4
AP 3
AP 2
AP 1
Site Survey
Trauma Room
No coverage
Interference
Coverage cell seems small in comparison with
previously surveyed access points
Coverage from access point seems to be
intermittent
Mount antennas in open areas for best RF
propagation
Look for objects that may interfere with RF signal
May need to use Spectrum Analyzer to find
interference
Interference (cont.)
Cardboard
Electrical
Transformers
Wood
Microwave
Ovens
Paper
Firewalls
Fluorescent
Lighting
Ing. Jos Patio S.
WLAN Design
Considerations
Access points have to
be connected to the
network
Should be familiar with:
Network components
Media
Topology
Plenum
A compartment or
chamber to which one
or more air ducts are
connected
Forms part of the air
distribution system
Cat 5 cable available in
plenum and nonplenum
Non-plenum sheath is
PVC and gives off toxic
fumes when melted
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Plenum (cont.)
Cat 5 available
Plenum
Non-Plenum
Plenum areas
Egg crate ceiling tiles
No insulation
Firewalls
Plenum (cont.)
No chance for
toxic fumes to
get inside the
ducting
Non-plenum
areas
Ductwork
Lack of firewalls
Insulation
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Firewalls
Easily identified
Act as barriers to
contain fires
Hinders 2.4 GHz
signal
Stops 5 GHz
signal
Firewalls (cont.)
Some firewalls may
have doors
Fire doors can
hamper the RF
signal as well
Survey with doors
closed
Automatic Fire
Doors
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Risers
Sometimes referred to
as wiring closets
Used for wiring
between floors
Stacked on top of
each other
Riser walls are
firewalls
If a riser is plenumrated, only install
plenum rated
equipment
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Secure the
access points
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Mounting on a Horizontal or
Vertical Surface
Mounting on a Suspended
Ceiling
Desktop
Stand
Wall
Mount
Ceiling
Mount
Hang on
Cube Wall
Mount upside-down
so Ethernet indicator
lights can be seen from
the floor
Label access points
Antenna Mounting
Some antennas
not shipped
with mounting
brackets
Modify brackets
Fit your needs
Can be used
with a variety
of antennas
Mast
Mount
Patch
Ceiling
Mount
Ing. Jos Patio S.
NEMA Enclosures
Protect equipment
in harsh
environments
NEMA - National
Electronics
Manufacturers
Association
Rating system NEMA 1 - 13
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Electrical
Workbox
Bulkhead Extender
External Antenna
Connector
Ing. Jos Patio S.
RP-TNC Connectors
RP-TNC connectors
available from Cisco
RG-58 should not be
used for extension
cables
N-style extension
cables
Jumpers
As much as 3.5 dBi
loss
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Splitters
Understand losses
attributable to splitters
Most use N-style connectors
RP-TNC splitters are
available
Splitter attaches to access
point and antennas using
extension cable jumpers
Jumpers are LMR 400
cables
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Splitters (cont.)
Each antenna
connected to the
splitter suffers 4
dBi loss
Doubles
Number of
antennas
Not the coverage
area
Ing. Jos Patio S.
Documentation
Site
Survey
Report
Diagrams
Photographs
Name
Company
Address
Phone & Fax
E-mail
Summary
Identify potential difficulties that may arise while
designing a wireless LAN due to the current
configuration of the wired LAN.
Make suggestions on how to make changes to the wired
LAN configuration to accommodate a wireless LAN.
Make suggestion on how to reconfigure wired LAN
infrastructure equipment to support a wireless LAN.
Identify potential design problems associated with
network cabling.
Identify facts and potential problems with mounting
antennas and access points.
Identify facts on splitter and connectors.
Recommend the proper equipment for plenum spaces.
Identify what should be included in a site survey
document.
Identify proper placements of access points.
Ing. Jos Patio S.