Basic Concepts of Computer

Networks and Communications

Network Topology
Habib

Company

Presented byHassan Jan

LOGO

BS (1st Semester)

Presentation Contents

Definition of Computer Networks

Different Network Methods
LAN
Network Topologies
Summary

Computer Networks

Definition:
Computer networking is the engineering decipline
concerned with the communication between computer
systems or devices.
A computer network is any set of computers or devices
connected to each other with the ability to exchange
data.

Different Network Methods

Different Network Methods are:

Local area network (LAN),

Metropolitan area network (MAN)
Wide area network (WAN)
Wireless LANs and WANs

Local Area Network (LAN)

Local Area Network(LAN),

which is usually a small network
constrained to a small geographic area.
An example of a LAN would be a
computer network within a building.

DEFINITION

What is a Topology ?
The physical topology of a network
refers to the configuration of cables,
computers and other peripherals.

TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Three commonly used network topologies
are:Bus Topology

Ring Topology

Star Topology

BUS TOPOLOGY

All computers and devices

connected to central cable or bus.
Consists of a main run of cable
with a terminator at each end.
Popular on LANs because they
are inexpensive and easy to
install.

BUS TOPOLOGY

RING TOPOLOGY

Cable forms closed ring or loop,

with all computers and devices
arranged along ring.
Data travels from device to
device around entire ring, in
one direction.
Primarily is used for LANs,
but also is used in WANs.

RING TOPOLOGY

STAR TOPOLOGY

All devices connect to a

central device, called
hub.
All data transferred
from one computer to
another passes through
hub.

STAR TOPOLOGY

STAR TOPOLOGY

MESH TOPOLOGY

In the mesh topology each computer are connected with each other by
separate cable. Create point to point connection to every device on network.
If one cable fail data always has alternative path to get to its destination.
On a large scale, you can connect multiple LANs using mesh topology with
leased line.
This type topology generally use in military area.

DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN THE THREE

TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND

DISADVANTAGES OF THE THREE
OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY?

SUMMARY
BUS TOPOLOGY

DEFINITION

ADVANTAGE

DISADVANTAGE

All computers
and devices
connected to
central cable

Easy to connect a
computer or
peripheral to a linear
bus.

Entire network shuts

down if
there is a break in the
main cable.
Terminators are
required at both
ends of the backbone
cable.

Requires less cable

length than
a star topology.

Difficult to identify
the problem
if the entire network
shuts down.

SUMMARY
RING TOPOLOGY

DEFINITION
Cable forms
closed ring or
loop, with all
computers and
devices arranged
along ring.

ADVANTAGE
Data is quickly
transferred without a
bottle neck.
The transmission of
data is relatively
simple as packets
travel in one direction
only.

DISADVANTAGE
Data packets must pass
through every computer
between the sender and
recipient therefore, this
makes it slower.
If any of the nodes fail
then the ring is broken
and data cannot be
transmitted successfully.
It is difficult to
troubleshoot
the ring.

SUMMARY

STAR TOPOLOGY

DEFINITION

ADVANTAGE

All devices
connect to a
central device,
called hub.

Easy to install and

wire.
Security can be
implemented
in the hub/switch.
Easy to detect faults
and to
remove parts

DISADVANTAGE
Requires more cable
length
than a linear topology.
If the hub or
concentrator fails,
nodes attached are
disabled.
More expensive than
linear bus topologies
because of the cost of
the concentrators.

SUMMARY

MESH TOPOLOGY

DEFINITION

ADVANTAGE

In the mesh
1.Provide redundant
topology each
path between device..
computer
are
1.Provide
redundant
path between device.
connected with
The network can be
each other by
expanded without
separate cable..
disruption to current
user..

DISADVANTAGE
Require more cable
then other topology .
Complicated
implementations.