Harmonic motion

Harmonic Motion : by Ahma Y Usman

Vera M

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

DEFINITION
Fe
C

Balance
postion

Fe

If the spring is pulled

downward with a deviation of
X then realeased,the spring
will move up and down
around
the
state
of
equilibrium
periodically.In
other words, the spring is
.mean
This ::vibration is
Aoscillating
Vibration
called
simple harmonic
Amotion..
BACA
CABAC
BACA-B

Exsample : Spring Motion and Simple

Pendulum

Harmonic motiion : by Ahma Y Usman

Vera M

Period and Frequency

Period (T)
The time
requred by an
object to
make one
vibration or
oscilation

Frequency(f)
Related

1
1
T ; f
f
T

Exsample :
If
in 5 seeon there are 10
vibrations,calculate the period of the
motion !
Frequency
T

Number of Vibrations 10
2 vibration/secon 2 Hz
Vibrations time
5

1 1
secon
f 2
Harmonic motion : by Ahma Y Usman
Vera M

The number of
oscilations or
vibration make by
an object in one
secon.

Frequency (f)

units : Hertz (Hz)

Gerak Harmonis : by Ahma Y Usman

Deviation
(y)

Deviation (y) is the projection of a point on the

circle to vertical line (y axis).
Y

Q
'y
O

Q
R

Deviation of simple harmonic motion

is the result of projection from the
position of an object that moves in
uniform circular motion on the vertical
line (y axis). In this case, the equation
OQ l y
motion
can be
Xof simple
Sin harmonic

y
R Sin
OQ R
expressed as follows:
y deviation

R Radius ( Farthest deviation A)

Farthest deviation of an oscillation object

from its equilibrium point called is
Amplitudo (A)

where : Y = Deviation(m)
Because R A ; t then y A Sin t
t
A = Amplitudo
2
2
(m)
Or : Y = A Sin

thus y A Sin
t
T = Period (s)
T
T
2ft
f = Frequency

Velocity of simple
harmonic motion (vy)
Linear velocity of an object which
move in uniform circular motion
always touching rectangular with its
radius of circle
vy

Y
v

vy
R
O

Q
v
P

vy

Related between v and

is : v = R
So

Cos

or
v y v Cos

: Vy = R Cos

Because R = A ; = t
Then : vy = A Cos t
Where : vy = Velocity of HM
2
cause of
2
(m/s)
T
then
Or vy = 2fA Cos 2 ft
A = Amplitudo (m)
2
2
T = Period (s)
vy
A Cos
t
T
T
f = Frequenscy(Hz)

Simple Harmonic
Acceleration (as)

Q
+

ay
O

ay

as

Acceleration of an
object which had
circukar motions is
called by Centripetal
acceleration(as) and
its always direct to
cente\re of cirle

as

Sin

-ay
as

or
a y - a s Sin

v2
Centripetal Acceleration : a s
; v R ; R A
R
2R 2
2A 2
then : a s

2A
R
A
SO : a y - 2 A Sin t
or
ay

4 2
2
A
Sin
t
T
T2

atau : ay = - 42f2A Sin 2

ft

where :
ay = Acceleration of
HM (m/s2)
A = Amplitudo (m)
T = Period(s)
f = Frequency (Hz)

Exercise ::
A mass of particel 0,5 kg at the end of spring has harmonic motion
with amplitudo 0,1 m dan period 2 secon Calculate
Deviation,Velocity and Acceleration of harmonic motion this particel
after t = 0, 0,25, 0,5, and 1 secon!
Solution :
knowing : m = 0,5 kg
A = 0,1 m
T = 2 detik
Ask : y, v dan a untuk t = 0, 0,25, 0,5 dan 1 detik
2
2
t 0,1 Sin
00
T
2
2
2
y A Sin
t 0,1 Sin
0,25
T
2
0,1 Sin 45o 0,07 m
y A Sin

Harmonic Motion: by Ahma Y Usman

Vera M

Period dan Frequency on Spring

Fe

Fe = - k y

Hooke Law

Fe = m ay

Newton II Law

= m (2y

then
- ky
k

= - m2y

then

k
we know
2

k
2

m
T

= - m2y
= m2

Thus :

T 2

m
k

Harmonic Motion : by Ahma Y Usman

Vera M

or

k
m
2
k
m

1
2

k
m

Exercise :
1 Mass of a car 1800 kg designed in a frame and supported by
. 4 springs. Every springs has spring mass constant
18000 N/m. If there
are 3 person in that car have total 200 kg, Calculate :
a. Car vibration frequency when it passed a big hole on the
street ?
b. How long that car through 2 times full of vibration
2 A mass of load 200 gram related by the end of light spring
. with spring constant 5 N/m and load vibrated at stright plane
without friction. Load pulled as 5 cm from Equilibrium point
and released ,so it will move horisontally ,Calculate :
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Period of vibration
Max Velocity
Max Acceleration
Deviation, Velocity and Acceleration as time function .
minimum interval time needed by load so make Deviation
has a half of Amplitudo
Harmonic Motion : by Ahma Y Usman
Vera M

Period OF Simple pendulum

M

there for :

l
y

O
A

sin
w

w cos

w=
mg
Time needed for one swing or from P
A B A P called Period.
F = w sin

= mg sin

F = m ay
= m2y

Restored force
causing
It is swinging
Newton II law

mg sin m 2 y
mg sin
2
my
g sin

Observed rectangular triangle POM !

y
sin
l
y l sin
g sin g
there for : 2

gl
l sin
l
2
2
cause

gl
T
T
thus : T 2

Harmonic Motion : by Ahma Y Usman

Vera M

l
g

or f

1
2

g
l

Exercise:
1 A simple pendulum has period ,1 secon at a place
. gravitational acceleration 9,8 m/s2, calculate :
a. Length of string simple pendulum
b. Periode of simple pendulum at
gravitational acceleration 1/6
c. earth gravitational acceleration

moon

Harmonic Motion : by Ahma Y Usman

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which

with

has

Arrangement
of Spring
Seri

Paralel

k1
k1

k2

k2
Constant of Paralel Arrangement
k p k1 k 2

Constant of series Arrangement

1
1
1

k s k1 k 2

Constant of
spring become
smaller

Constant of
spring become
bigger
Harmonic Motion : by Ahma Y Usman
Vera M

Exercise:
1
.

k1
k2

k1
M
k2

M
(a
)

Constant of arrangement spring at the

pic are s k1 dan k2. The value k1 = k2 = k,
Calculate
comparison
of
spring
oscillation period between pic (a) and (b)
!

(b
)

Harmonic Motion : by Ahma Y Usman

Vera M

MECHANICAL ENERGY CONSERVATION LAW FOR

HARMONIC MOTION

Mechanical
energy
Potential
energy

Kinetic
energy
Energy which has by
harmonic motion
cause it velocity

Energiy which has

by harmonic motion
cause deviation
E p 12 ky 2 Cause of y A sin t

E k 12 mv 2 Cause v A cos t

there for E p 12 k A 2 sin 2 t

there for E k 12 m 2 A 2 cos 2 t

Em Ep Ek

m 2 k E k 12 kA 2cos 2t

12 kA 2 sin 2t 12 kA 2cos 2t

Cause of sin 2t cos 2 t 1

12 kA 2 (sin 2t cos 2t)

Thus E m 12 k A 2
Harmonic Motion : by Ahma Y Usman
Vera M

Em
E m kA
1
2

1
2

Ep Ek

kA 2 12 ky 2 12 mv 2

E p 12 ky 2

kA 2

ky 2 mv 2

E k mv

mv 2

kA 2 - ky 2

v2

k(A 2 - y 2 )

1
2

Harmonic Motion : by Ahma Y Usman

Vera M

k
m

(A 2 - y 2

Exercise :
1. A mass of particel is 0,5 kg put on the end of spring acted

harmonic motion with amplitudo 0,1 m and it period 2 secon

a)Calculatea kinetic energy, b) potensial energy, c) total energy
of particel after move at t = 0, 0,25, 0,5 dan 1 secon.

2. A thing with mass 3 kg related with spring and vibrated with10 cm

amplitudo and 2 Hz of frequency. Calculate total energy that
vibration !

3. A load with mass 0,5 kg related to the end of spring with

constant 40 N/m. Load vibrated at line plane without friction.

a. Calculate total energy system and maximum velocity if the

amplitudo is 3 cm
b. Velocity when the deviation is 2 cm ?
c.

Calculate kinetik energy and potensial energy

when the deviation is 2 cm

a. Value of deviation yGerak

when
the: by
velocity
0,1 m/s
Harmonis
Ahma Y Usman
Vera M

of system

Definition of Phase angle, Phase and

Difference Phase

At the picture, C1 dan C2 acted

harmonic motion as projection B1 dan
B2 which acted circular motion.. Both
of them have same deviation but
opposite in direction so called that
they are has opposite phase

y A sin t A sin 2

Phase angle : t 2

t
T

t
T
Phase difference : 2 - 1
:

Phase

t 2 t1
T2 T1

1
n
2
n 0, 1, 2, 3, ......

P
B
2

When 2 point have opposite

phase ,so :

C
2

Harmonic Mootion : by Ahma Y Usman

Vera M

Exercise:
1. Two point acted harmonic motion on a straight line. Both move at
the same time and same direction from equilibrium point .. Their
Period each are 1/3 and 1/5 secon

a. Calculateangle phase, phase, and difference phase after

oscillating secon
b.When are their phases opposite?

Harmonic Motion : by Ahma Y Usman

Vera M

Good luck