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Automotive fundamentals
The engine-components - Drive trainstarting & charging systems operation
Ignition system- Suspension systemsbrakes- ABS- Steering systems.
Dr.Manzoor HM. JNTU Hyd
erabad.
Charging Systems
Uses mechanical energy from engine to create
electrical energy to operate vehicle electrical
system and recharge battery
Alternator Assembly
Drive Frame Cover
Identification
Label
Drive Pulley
Regulator, Diode,
& Brush Cover
Circulation Vent
Alternator B+
Output Terminal
Mounting Ear
Dr.Manzoor HM. JNTU Hyd
erabad.
Charging System
Alternator: An iron core (rotor) is rotated by the engine within a stationary coil of
wire (stator).
A current (field current) is passed through the rotor creating a strong magnetic
field
As the rotor and strong magnetic field rotate within the stator, an alternating
electrical current is induced in the stator coil windings
Alternating current (AC) produced by alternator is converted to direct current
(DC) for use by vehicle electrical system by diodes
Alternator output is controlled by a voltage regulator
When output is too high, regulator reduces field current power
When output is too low, regulator increases field current power
Normal charging system voltage: 13.6 to 14.8 volts
High voltage can damage light bulbs, motors and electronic components
Low voltage can prevent battery from recharging properly
Alternator output should be sufficient to operate all electrical accessories
and still maintain voltage necessary to recharge battery.
Four wires connect the alternator to the rest of the charging system.
L is the wire the regulator uses to ground the charge warning lamp.
Rectified AC Current
Automobiles electrical system requires
direct current (DC) which flows one
way
Alternator output must be rectified
(changed) from AC to DC
Diode allows current flow in only one
direction
Several are connected into a rectifier
bridge
Dr.Manzoor HM. JNTU Hyd
erabad.
UnderstandingtheAlternator
Alternator
Overview
UnderstandingtheAlternator
Drive Pulley
UnderstandingtheAlternator
Inside the Alternator
Regulator
Brushes
Brushes
UnderstandingtheAlternator
Inside the Alternator
Regulator
Brushes
UnderstandingtheAlternator
Rotor Assembly
Internal Cooling Fan
Finger Poles
Bearing
Internal
Cooling Fan
Slip Rings
Rotor Shaft
Stator Winding
Stator
Lead Ends
Neutral
Junction
Laminated Iron
Frame
Three Phase
Windings
Dr.Manzoor HM. JNTU Hyd
erabad.
Rotor / Stator
Relationship
Body-on-Chassis/Frame Construction
Automobile Engine
Dr.Manzoor HM. JNTU Hyd
erabad.
Starting Systems
Starting system uses an electric motor
mounted to the engine or transmission
The starter motor meshes a small gear
with the engine crankshaft to rotate
crankshaft fast enough to start engine
The starter drive gear is moved into place
by the starter solenoid
Starter Motor
The starter motor has a
drive assembly that
engages the ring gear
and rotates the engine.
A Starter Drive
B Flywheel Ring Gear
C Pinion Gear
21
Starter Motor
The pinion gear meshes
with the ring gear before
the motor turns
The teeth on the pinion
gear are tapered to
ensure smooth
engagement
The drive assembly
includes an overrunning
clutch.
22
Dr.Manzoor HM. JNTU Hyd
erabad.
Starter-Mounted Solenoid
Solenoid
plunger moves
a shift lever to
engage the
pinion gear
Starting systems
The starter solenoid is energized by the
ignition switch and also provides high
current for the starter motor
The over-running clutch allows the
starter to rotate the engine while
preventing the engine from rotating the
starter motor
Starting Systems
The starter motor contains a rotating
conductor called an armature
Stationary magnets are mounted inside
the starter housing
When current flows through the armature,
strong attracting and opposing magnetic
fields are created and react with the
stationary magnets to cause the armature
to rotate
Dr.Manzoor HM. JNTU Hyd
erabad.
Starting Systems
Gear reduction starters
Allows a smaller motor to be used at high
speed
Gear reduction reduces speed while
increasing torque
The End
Dr.Manzoor HM. JNTU Hyd
erabad.