Development of Grand Axis.

1079
Old fort

Later new centre

La defense

1300

1600

1740

La Notre, extended axis of tuileri

Pressure growth
Walled city around
green champ elysees
Outward extension of citygardenwall
crossing of river seiene
Outward extension of city wall
East- Bastille &
tree line boulevard sys. Stimulate axial thrust originating
Chateaux & Palaces in Paris.
West- Tuileries and garden

PARIS

1780

1800

1880

1960

2014

PARIS AS A MODEL
H
A
U
S
S
M
A
N
N
P
A
R
I
S

(1853 - 1870)

Boulevard
before Haussmann

Boulevard
nserted by Haussmann

Exception to model

D
E
F
I
N
I
N
G

Palace Royale

O
F
R
U
L
E
S

The Arcade

The Boulevard

Urban rules
1.Only the administration decide the perimeter of expropriation to
properly pay out to local inhabitants
2. Each owner should clean and restore the building faade every 10
years.
3. The establishment of the different kinds of street, the faade
alignments and the connection to the sewer.
4.The height of buildings and how they connect to the streets. This
being 20 meters high for streets by 20 meters large and the roof would
have to follow an angle of 45 degree from the faade line.
5. New buildings should have the same floor height, the same
alignment and faade.
6. The compulsory use of the Pierre de taille stone cladding

Architectural rules
1. A ground floor and mezzanine floor with gradual setback
walls and ceilings
2. The 2nd floor, considered the most noble generally having one
or two balconies.
3. 3rd and 4th floors in same style than the 2nd floor but with less
ornamentally enriched frames around the windows.
4. The 5th floor with a continuous balcony and no ornament or
decoration.
5.Roof at 45 degree angle

PLAN VOISION.1925..
First to challenge both urban and architectural
fabric
Opposed new administration hub at periphery
Two main intersection extended to connect Paris
to world.
5% built,95% unbuilt
Zone distribution within orthogonal grid.
Buildings in pilotis to gain public ground
Result:- loss of traditional urban fabric

Paris concentric system, expansion

through further building outwards.
Current boundary-Haussmann/A25 not
allow for systematic growth but
compression
Mono centric model evolved in
polycentric model created
gentrification and social segregation.
Paris remains mono programmatic,
incapable to adapt & evolve to its own
limits.
To compete with other metropolitan
city it has to evolved within its own
limits
SOLUTIONGRAND PARIS..

The Grand Paris,Grand projects and

GPE
CHARLES DE
GAULLE AIRPORT

PLEYEL
TECHNOPOLE IN
MEDIA,TV,MUSIC,ST
UDIOS
Area-5km2

LE BOURGET
SECOND BUSINESS
AIRPORT,NEW TRAIN
STATION,CBC AND
AERNOTICS CENTRE
Area-20km2

LA DEFENSE
NEW LANDSCAPE &
CIRCULATION
Area- 6km2

CANCER CAMPUS
THE BIOTECH VALLEY
-60% OF THE FRENCH
PHARMACETICAL
RESEARCH
Area-8000km2

VERSAILLES
VEGETAL &
TECHNOPOLE
Area: 116000 km2
SACLAY PLATEAU
CREATE & CONNECT
SCIENTIFIC CLUSTER
Area: 77 km2

ORLY AIRPORT

CITY DESCARTES
TECHNOPOLE ABOUT
CITY,SUSTAINABILITY &
DURABLE
CONSTRUCTION
Area-20000 km2

EDUCATION
high concentration - Northern
and Eastern districts of Paris.

inverse of the patterns

low educational attainment -shaded in
green tones,

low educational attainment

-centre of the city to the West
and South of Paris.

dark brown areas in Southern and

Western districts -highest proportions
of university qualifications

clear segregation in the

distribution of low educational
attainment throughout Paris.

Intermediate levels of university

qualifications (shown in white) -North
bank of the Seine River.
North Bank acts as a divide

AREA DISTRIBUTION OF ADULTS THAT COMPLETED

FORMAL SCHOOLING AT THE PRIMARY LEVEL.

AREA DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROPORTION OF ADULTS WHO

OBTAINED UNIVERSITY QUALIFICATIONS IN PARIS

GREEN SPACES..
There three major type of green spaces.
Parks - more natural look to the organization of the wildlife
Gardens- controlled French garden patterns and landscaping
forests.- two forests on the NW and SE corners of the city
have many activities within them such as: the floral park of
Paris, the French national sports institute, a horse ranch, and
even a XVI century castle
open space -in Paris is made up of boulevards, plazas,
courtyards, etc.
that connect all of the landmarks in Paris that make the city
such an easily navigated one.
These boulevards do not have the purpose of connecting
green space, but usually there are parks on either side
and/or they eventually lead to some sort of open space
whether it be the gardens in front of the Louvre, or the
plazas in front of the governmental buildings

SIDENTIAL SQUARE AND CEREMONIAL SPACE

PALACE DAUPHINE(1607)

PALACE D FRANCE(1609)

Henry IV, medieval to

renaissance
Forbid constuvtion on bridge
Seine considered focal point
of city.

Entrance into Paris from east

Impressive transition from
countryside to Paris.

PALACE LOUIS XV(1755)

Later renamed Concorde
square.
PALACE DE VOSGES(1605-12)
Prototype for all residential
square
Gothic- vertical emphasis of
roof, chimney, regular
quoining defines narrow and
tall buildings.
Renaissance dormer,
triangular and segmental
pediment, arcade

PALACE DES VICTORIES

(1685)
Public square
Unified faade
Circular plan balancing six
streets
PALACE DE VENDOME(1702)

ARC DE TRIOMPHE (1806)

Octagon shape
Modelled on palace de
vosgas
Unified facade

Jean Chalgrin for Napoleoan

I.

1.TRIUMPHAL ARCH

2.EIFFEL TOWER

LANDMARKS,
OPEN SPACES &
CULTURAL PLACES

3.CHAMPDE ELYSEES
1
1

1
2

5.ALEXANDRE III BRIDGE

4.GREAT PALACE PARIS

1
0

4
6.CONCORDE SQUARE

7
6
5
15.NOTRE DAME

1
3

1
8

1
4

12.OPERA GARNIER

1
9

16.LUXEMBORG GARDEN

11.GALERIES LAFAYETTE

17.PANTHEON

10.MOULIN ROUGE

7.TUILERIES GARDEN

TOURIST DESTINATIONS

1
7

14.SAINTE CHAPELLE

13.LOUVRE

1
5

18.POMPIDOU

19.BASTILLE SQUARE

9.SACRE COUR BASILICA

20.RESIDENCE
OF INVALIDS

8.ORSAY MUSEUM

DEVELOPMENT CONTROL REGULATIONS AND CIVIC AUTHORITIES

land use planning (or the local plans) - legally binding, prepared jointly by State and
municipal officials as well as Chambers of Commerce, trade-unions, associations, etc.
two series of regulations that govern the built permit in France:
1. National town planning regulations Code de lUrbanisme and local rules PLU
Plan Local dUrbanisme
2. French Civil Code governing relations between neighbours, for example about rights
of way, etc.

Built
permit

detailed
file

local town
hall

Mayor
permit

Publish

Rules and regulations

professional architect -renovate (or construct) a building over 170m2 in France
Demolition Permit even cut down of trees
Built Permit - any change to a property that affects its taxable value
Declaration of Work (Dclaration de travaux)- work that doesn't change the
use of a building or create new living space, or for minor alterations to a building
Certificate d'urbanisme - clear and objective information on the rights; planning
laws, future development, zoning and taxation attached to the piece of land(for
acquiring a piece of land- make any changes to a property and/or apply for a building
permit )

DEVELOPMENT CONTROL REGULATIONS AND CIVIC AUTHORITIES

Les dispositions impratives du rglement national durbanisme (RNU) - national rules governing new
development and changes to existing buildings
Les Lois dAmnagement et dUrbanisme (LAU) - which apply in coastal areas and in mountain regions.
Directive Territoriale d'Amnagement et de Dveloppement Durables (DTADD) - regional directives

Les directives paysages or Directives de protection et de mise en valeur des paysages - final set of nation
regulations

Schmas de cohrence territoriale (SCOT).- regional and county level the most significant planning regime
,delineate the major spatial development priorities for the area under examination over the medium to longterm.county level 'Structure Plan', familiar to those from the UK.collaborative basis involving the various level of
government in the region,subject to a public enquiry but, once approved, is valid for a period of ten years.
Communit de Communes (the committee of local communes) and the chamber of commerce
Schma de mise en valeur de la mer (SMVM)- specific protection to the coastline.

investment and regeneration.

Schma Rgional de Dveloppement Economique (SRDE). city centres and larger towns
Zones de revitalisation rurale (ZRR) and Zones de redynamisation urbaine (ZRU)-development areas offer
a range of tax breaks and grants.

Local Plans
Plan Local d'Urbanisme (PLU)- detailed plan that defines the development permitted within the area. The social,
economic and political requirements of the urban area are translated into the development zones
Carte Communale- pproved by the local council and the Mairie and covers villages and surrounding areas in exactl
the same way PLU covers cities and towns
Textes du Code de lUrbanisme - very rural and isolated areas there will be land that is not covered by either a PL
or Carte Communale

GDP per capita in OECD

metropolitan region
Population in OECD
metropolitan region

Share of regional GDP

in national economy

Annual population growth

Purchasing power parity in OECD
Average annual growth in per capita
in OECD metropolitan region
metropolitan region
in OECD metropolitan region

Intra regional inequality within

in OECD metropolitan region
Unemployment rate in
in OECD metropolitan region

Geographical distribution of density in

Paris IDF region

Population density in
in OECD metropolitan region

Model of home to work travel

In Paris IDF region