AISD - 2009

COMPARATIVE
ANATOMY:
ANIMAL BODY
SYSTEMS:
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory System

Function: to provide
oxygen gas need for
cellular respiration and
remove carbon dioxide
from the body

Invertebrate Organs:
gills and trachae

Main Vertebrate Organs:

Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
lungs, gills, diaphragm

Respiration in animals
Whether

they live in water or on land,

all animals must respire.
To respire means to take in oxygen and
give off carbon dioxide.

Some

animals rely of simple diffusion

through their skin to respire.
While others
Have developed large complex organ
systems for respiration.

Invertebrate respiration
Invertebrate

respiratory organs

have
large surface areas
Are in contact with air or water
If require diffusion they must be
moist.

Aquatic invertebrates
Aquatic

animals have naturally moist

respiratory surfaces, and some respire
through diffusion through their skin.
Example: jellyfish and anemones

Some

larger aquatic animals like

worms and annelids exchange oxygen
and carbon dioxide through gills.
Gills are organs that have lots of blood
vessels that bring blood close to the
surface for gas exchange.

Terrestrial Invertebrates
Terrestrial

invertebrates have respiratory

surfaces covered with water or mucus. (This
reduces water loss)
There are many different respiratory
specialized organs in terrestrial
invertebrates.
Spiders use parallel book lungs
Insects use openings called spiracles where air
enters the body and passes through a network of
tracheal tubes for gas exchange
Snails have a mantel cavity that is lined with moist
tissue and an extensive surface area of blood
vessels.
How does
respiration in aquatic invertebrates differ from
that in terrestrial invertebrates?

Figure
299Invertebrate
Section 29-2
Respiratory Systems
Gill

Tracheal
tubes
Siphons

Movement of water

Insect

Mollusk

Airflow
Spider

Book
lung

Spiracles

Vertebrate respiratory
systems
Chordates

have one of two basic

structures for respiration:
Gills for aquatic chordates
Example: tunicates, fish and amphibians

Lungs - for terrestrial chordates

Examples: adult amphibians, reptiles,
birds, and mammals

Aquatic Gills
Water

flows
through the
mouth then
over the gills
where oxygen
is removed
Carbon dioxide
and water are
then pumped
out through
the operculum

Vertebrate lungs
As

you move from amphibians to

mammals the surface area of the
lungs increases
Insures a greater amount of gas exchange
(or a two way flow of air).

Birds,

by contrast have lungs and air

sacs which have only a one-way flow
of air.
This allows for them to have constant
contact with fresh air.
This adaptation enables them to fly at high
altitudes where there is less oxygen.

Figure 3310:Vertebrate Lungs

Section 33-3

Nostrils, mouth, and

throat
Trachea
Lung
Air sac

Salamander

Lizard

Primate

Pigeon

Figure 37-13 The Respiratory System

The Human Respiratory

System

Section 373

Flowchart

Movement of Oxygen and Carbon

Dioxide In and Out of the
Respiratory System

Section 373

Oxygen-rich
air from
environment

Bronchi

Trachea

BIG
QUESTION

Nasal
cavities

Pharynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Oxygen and
carbon dioxide
exchange at
alveoli

Alveoli

Bronchioles

Pharynx

Nasal
cavities

WHY DO ANIMALS BREATHE?

Carbon
dioxide-rich
air to the
environment