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PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION

DIAGRAM ( PNID)
GP206
Leong Kok Seng

Chapter 1
Symbols in Pipe Flow Diagram

Introduction to P&ID
What is PNID?
>> Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

One of the basic plant drawings largely used in oil refining


and other process industries.

The term piping means not only pipe but fitting, valves,
flanges, and other items which form part of the overall
piping system.

Instrumentation is shown by symbols on the flow diagram


and piping drawing.

A circle or oval figures is used to explain the


instrumentation type, function and identifying number.

The circle is commonly called Balloon or bubble

Instrumen
t Type
(Tag
Prefix)
FIC
Tag
Number

205

Instrument
Location

Calculate how many instrument symbol consist in


Process and Instrument Diagram below?
Answer : 19

PNID most important document frequently


used by :
Process operators to familiarize themselves with :
flow schemes
process/utility interlock system
control loop identification
equipment list
check blinding point locations
to locate process instrument.

P&ID is complex due to the frequent advancement of


electronics, process computers and instruments which is
adapted in the process industries.

In order to utilize P&ID effectively by operations personnel


it is imperative for the operators to continuously update
their knowledge in process instruments based on the
modern trend in plant process design.

OBJECTIVE: At the end of the session


the students will be able to: Naming and identify the symbols of
instrument.
Draw and select the right instrument
symbols.
Explain the function of the instrument
symbols.

Symbols in Pipe Flow Diagram

Divide into 5 symbols categories:


Color code

Instrument Letter

Valve

Line Indicator

Equipment

Equipment Categories :
1. Separators
2. Storage Vessel
3. Process Pressure Vessel
4. Material handling equipment
5. Dryers
6. Processing equipment
7. Size reducing equipment
8. Furnace and boilers
9. Heat transfer
10.Pump and compressor
11.Drivers

1. Separators : Device for the separation process of


solid/liquid/gas
particles into several fractions.
Separators
:
Symbol

Name
Centrifuge

Drum Settler

Cyclone

Function
Particles are separated from a fluid by
gravitational forces acting on the particles.
The particles were solid,gas,liquid and the
fluid was a liquid or a gas
To remove the particles from liquid stream
so that the fluid is free of particles
contaminants.

Settling device in which the outward force


on the particles at high tangential velocities
is many times the force gravity.
For separation of small solid particles or
mist from gases.
The gas-solid particle mixture enter the
cyclone and enter in a rotating motion.
Gas and solid will separate because of the
forces.

Symbol

Name

Function

To remove the particles from


liquid stream so that the fluid is
Open Settling free of particles contaminants.
Tank
Sedimentation
To separate solid/liquid mixture
Electrical
Precipitator

sedimentation

2. Storage Vessel :
______?
is a container, usually for holding liquids, sometimes for
compressed gases
Symbol

Name
Atmospheric tank
(cone roof)

Cone bottom bin


(bulk storage)

Function
An atmospheric tank
is a container for
holding a liquid at
atmospheric pressure.
-To gain storage and
ease of unloading.
-Used for liquid, solid,
slurry and silo

Symbol

Name

Floating roof tank

Function
-a storage tank
commonly used to
store large quantities
of petroleum products
such as crude oil or
condensate.
-roof will floats on the
surface of the stored
liquid.
-roof rises and falls
with the liquid level in
the tank.
-eliminates breathing
losses and greatly
reduces the
evaporative loss of
the stored.

Symbol

Name

Function

Use for collection


systems, temporary
liquidstorageor as
secondary
Open top bulk storage containment for
(non-pressure)
vertical tanks in
indoor or outdoor
installations.

Pressure storage
(sphere or spheroid)

Apressure vesselis a
closed container
designed to hold
gases or liquids at
apressuresubstantial
ly different from the
ambientpressure.

Symbol

Name

Close top bulk


storage (nonpressure)

Function
Use for collection
systems, temporary
liquidstorageor as
secondary
containment for
vertical tanks in
indoor or outdoor
installations.

3. Process Pressure To store the material with pressure and at the


same time, other process occur in the vessel,
Vessel :
example distillation, separation

Symbols

Name
Horizontal Drums

Function
-as a storage vessel
-handling the material
with pressure

Jacketed vessel
(partial)

-as a storage vessel


-handling the material
with high pressure

Vertical Drums

-as a storage vessel


-handling the material
with pressure

Packeted plate
section columns
(tower)

-consist of multi-stage
trays in vessel
-process in vessel
*adsorption,distillatio
n (separate multi
components)

4. Material Handling Equipment :


An equipment use to handle/transfer
the material from other component
Symbol

Name

Function

Feeder &
Hopper

-as temporary storage


-to transport material from
one unit to another
-the material in slurry,
liquid, silo, solid (small
particles)

Screener

-to filter the material


according to the screener
size
-separation process

Rotary feeder

-to discharge and isolate


the material
-Used to packaging
according to the volume
and weight.
-Material in powder,
crystals, or pellet, granules

Symbols

Name

Function

mixer

-to mix two or more difference


component until it reach
homogenous state

Settler

-Use to separate the material from


unwanted material
-The unwanted material will
precipitate at the bottom of setler

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