Seminar Bio Paper Two 2015 SABS

SEMINAR AND WORKSHOP
OF BIOLOGY
Prepared by:
Mr. Zulkarnain Jamaluddin
SMK Tengku Abdullah, Pekan.
BIODATA
PENCERAMAH
Nama: Zulkarnain bin Jamaluddin
Umur: 36 tahun
Gred: DG44
Opsyen: Biologi dan Sains
Sejarah Pendidikan:
1986-1991 SK Panching Selatan
1992-1996 SMK Panching Selatan
1997-1998 Pusat Matrikulasi (UKM) Kuala Pilah
1998-2001 UKM, Bangi.
Pengalaman Mengajar:
2001-2006: SMK Dato Mahmud Mat, Pekan.
2007-2014: SMK Seri Pekan.
2015- Kini: SMK Tengku Abdullah, Pekan.
Pengalaman Menyampaikan Ceramah/Bengkel Biologi

SMK Seri Pekan (Seminar dan Bengkel)
2. SMK Ahmad, Pekan (Seminar)
3. SMK Peramu Jaya, Pekan (Kelas anjuran ECER, UMP)
4. SMK Tengku Abdullah, Pekan (Seminar)
5. SMK Nenasi, Pekan (Seminar)
6. SMK Chini, Pekan (Seminar)
7. SMK Muadzam Jaya, Muadzam Shah (Bengkel)
8. SMKA Pahang, Muadzam Shah(Bengkel)
9. SemSAS, Kuantan (Kelas PissaA anjuran Yayasan Pahang)
10.Maahad Tahfiz, Kuantan (Seminar)
11.PPD Bera (Seminar untuk Calon target A Daerah Bera)
12.SABS, Kuantan (Seminar)
13.SHAKS, Kuantan (Semnar dan Bengkel)
14.SMK Bukit Rangin, Kuantan (Kelas PissaA anjuran Yayasan
Pahang)
15.SBPI Kuantan (Kelas PissaA anjuran Yayasan Pahang))
16.SBPI Pekan (Zoom Sekunder/ Tertier)
1.
Seminar and workshop of Biology

Paper Two
Penulisan
Menghasilkan Modul Sempoi
Biologi tingkatan 4 dan 5.

Paper Two
Laman web
www.iamchampion.blogspot.com

Paper Two
Introduction
PART
Number of
Question
Option
Time
suggested
Time
suggested for
each question
Difficulty
Weight age
PAPER 2
(STRUCTURE)
5
PAPER 2
(ESSAY)
4
Compulsory
Only 2
questions
One hour
One hour and

thirty minutes
18 minutes
30 minutes
(including revise (including revise
time)
time)
Easy and medium
Easy, medium
and high
30%
20%
Seminar and workshop
of Biology
Paper Two
MARK SCHEME
BIOLOGY
2014
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
Q
1(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
Correct
Reject
1. Unicellular
organisati
on.
2. Multicellul
ar
Cell
M: Contractile vacuole.
P1: (Fresh) water is hypotonic to
Amoeba sp. / vice versa
P2: water (molecules) diffuse/
enter / move into the contractile
vacuole.
P3: by osmosis
[Any two]
Paper Two
Q
Correct
1(b P1: Water diffuses/ enter/ move into the
)
contractile vacuole
(ii) P2: Contractile vacuole expand / enlarges
to maximum size
P3: Contractile vacuole moves to the cell
membrane
P4: Contractile vacuole contract
P5: Expel / release (out)/ eliminate/
excrete/ remove/ discharge/ pump out
P6: prevent bursting // osmoregulation
occurs
Reject
flow/
go
bigger
Secrete
explod
e
(iii) Prediction: Die/ shrink / crenated

P1: sea water is hypertonic to Amoeba sp.
P2: water diffuse out from contractile
vacuole / Amoeba sp.
Paper Two
1 (c)
P1 Food vacuole formed // phagosome is formed.
P2 Lysosome fused with food vacuole // Lysosome
contains lysozyme/ enzyme.
P3 (hyrolytic) enzyme is released into food
vacuole.
P4 (hydrolytic) enzyme digest/ breakdown /
hydrolyse the bacteria/ food particle.
P5 Nutrients/ digested food are absorbed/ diffused
(into cytoplasm).
P6 Waste product / undigested food are excreted
out / expel.
[Reject: secreted out / remove]
Two
10
2(a)(i) Prophase 1.
[Reject: Prophase II / Prophase]
(ii) P1 Chromosomes (begin to) condense/
shorten / thicken/ tightly coiled / thicker.
P2 Homologous chromosomes pair up.
P3 Synapsis occur
P4 Form bivalents/ tetrad.
P5 Crossing overs
P6 At chiasma /chiasmata.
P7 Exchange of genetic materials.
P8 Recombination of gene / new combination
of gene.
Two
11
2(b)
F Crossing over
F1 Variation // variety of species /
organisms.
E1 better quality products.
E2 High resistance against diseases// High
adaptation towards changes in
environment.
E3 Survival of species/ organism// Prevent
extinction of the species/ organisms.
Two
12
(c)(i)
Centrioles
(c)(ii)
F1 Abnormal gametes
E1 Spindle fibres will not formed
E2 Homologous chromosomes will not be separated //
Sister chromatid / chromosome will not separated.
E3 During anaphase I / II.
E4 Number of chromosomes in the gamete is not haploid /
reduced / unequal.
E5 Mutation occurs / any suitable example.
[Reject: gene mutation / albinism/ cell-sickle
anemia]
E6 Abnormality in the offspring.
Two
13
(d)
N
o
F:
Example
C: Cause of
disease
S: Symptom
Lacking of gene to
produce pigment
melanin in the skin /
gene mutation
S1: cannot withstand

(strong) sunlight / very
sensitive to sunlight.
S2: skin easily damaged/
injured
S3: poor vision/
photophobia/ red eye/
pinkish eye/ rapid eye
movement
Albino
Haemophi C1: Lacking of

S1: excessive bleeding
lia
protein/ bloodS2: the blood does not
clotting factor/
clot normally.
Factor VIII for normal
blood clotting.
C2: cause by a
recessive allele
found on the X
Paper Two
14
(d)
No
F:
Example
C: Cause of disease
S: Symptom
Colour
blindness
Cause by a recessive
allele found on the X
chromosome / gene
mutation
S1: unable to
distinguish between
red and green colors
Thalassae
mia
Cause by a recessive
gene (and affect the
haemoglobin in red
blood cell) / gene
mutation.
S1: small and pale red

blood cell
Downs
Syndrome
An extra chromosome
S1: mentally retarded
number 21 /
S2: flat facial features
chromosomal mutation with a small nose
S3: slanted eyes
Any suitable features.
Turners
Syndrome
C1: Absent of one X

sex chromosome/
number of
S1: infertile/ non

functioning
ovaries
Seminar
and workshop of
Biology
Paper Two
S2: webbed neck
15
(d)
No
F:
Example
C: Cause of disease
S: Symptom
Klinefelter An extra X
s
chromosome/ number
Syndrome of chromosome is 47/
44+XXY/ chromosomal
mutation
S1: developed breast

S2: infertile
S3: sparse hair body
Polydactyl
y
Genetic mutation on
chromosome number
7/ gene mutation
S1: has more than five

digits per hand or per
foot
Huntingto
ns
Disease
Cause by a single gene S1: brain cells die

mutation/ gene
S2: behavioral
mutation
changes
Loss of mental power
10
Sickle-cell
anemia
Defective gene for

synthesis of
haemoglobin causes
the erythrocyte to be
sickle-shape / gene
S1: fatique
S2: dizziness
S3: headaches
S4:and
jaundice
Seminar
workshop of Biology
Paper Two
16
(d)
N
o
F: Example
C: Cause of
disease
S: Symptom
11 Cancer
C1 inherited by
parents (before birth)
during pregnancy
C2 gene mutation
C3 occur after birth
due to smoking/
expose to radiation/
virus/ carcinogen/
imbalance hormone
S1: Lump / tumour//

weight changes/
loss of gain / fatique
S2: persistence
cough/ indigestion/
muscle/ joint pain/
fever/ night sweat
S3: difficulty in
swallowing
12 Type of
mutation:
i. Gene
ii. chromoso
me
C1 radiation
C2 Chemicals/
carcinorgen
Any example of
disease / F/
Symptom (but must
be tele with gene or
chromosome
mutation)
Paper Two
17
3(a)
S: Adrenal gland / cortex / medulla
T: Pancreas
3(b)(i)
Insulin// glucagon

Paper Two
18
3(b)(ii)
P1 Blood sugar/ glucose level higher/ excess
glucose (than normal range).
P2 (more) insulin secreted / produced /
released (by pancreas).
P3 (stimulate)/ (excess) glucose converted
to glycogen.
[Reject: changed/ transformed]
P4 stored in liver / muscle.
OR
Two
19
3(b)(ii)
P1 Blood sugar level lower (than
normal range)
P2 Glucagon secreted/ produced/
released (by pancreas).
P3 glycogen converted to glucose
(in liver).
P4 blood glucose increase.
Two
20
(c)
P1 Concentration of amino acids in blood
plasma is higher than in urine / accept
any statement that shows comparison.
[Reject: statement using value]
P2 All / 100% amino acids
P3 Reabsorption occur/ reabsorbed (into
the blood capillary / plasma/ stream)
P4 by active transport
P5 at the proximal (convulated) tubule.
Two
21
3(d)(i)
P1 Kidney fails to acts as an osmoregulatory organ.
P2 Osmoregulation does not occur/ osmotic pressure
cannot be controlled.
[Reject: water cannot be regulated]
P3: Reabsorbtion of water/ ultrafitration cannot occur //
secretion of urea cannot occur
P4 No/ less urine formed // accumulation of water in the
body// urea cannot be pumped out/ secreted out from
blood of high concentration of urea in the blood.
P5 Imbalance / increase/ decrease of blood osmotic
pressure/ blood become toxic/ concentrated/ dilute.
P6 High / low content of water in the blood (depending on
water intake).
P7 cause death / oedema/ dehydrate / high blood
pressure/ coma
Two
22
3(d)(ii)
P1 Blood flows through a semi-permeable tubing
P2 dialysis fluid is isotonic / similar
concentration to the blood (plasma)
P3 (As blood flows) urea which is higher
concentration in the blood.
P4 diffuse across the tubing (wall)
P5 into the dialysis fluid
P6 which has a lower concentration of urea
P7 urea is eliminated / excreted from the blood.
[Reject: Urea is removed]
P8 The osmotic pressure of the blood back to
normal/ maintain
Two
23
4(a)
Tall, white flower
Short, purple flower
(b)(i)
TTbb
Tb
ttBB
Tb
(b)(ii) Tall, purple fower
(c)(i) 3/16 // 0.19 // 19% //
18.75% // 0.1875
(c)(ii) 9/16 // 0.56 // 56%

Paper Two
24
(d) 3/16 // 0.19 // 19% // 18.75%

Gametes from F1
parent
Gametes from other
F1 parent
TB
TB
Tb
tB
tb
TTBB
TTBb
TtBB
TtBb
Tb
TTBb
TTbb
TtBb
Ttbb
tB
TtBB
TtBb
ttBB
ttBb
tb
TtBb
Ttbb
ttBb
ttbb

Paper Two
25
4(e)
Tall,
purple
flower
9
:
Tall,
white
flower
3
:
Short,
purple
flower
3
:
Short,
white
flower
1

Paper Two
26
(f)
P1 During meiosis // during gamete
formation
P2 each pair of alleles separate /
segregate.
P3 each member of a pair of alleles
may combine randomly with either/
any member of another pair of
alleles // TB/ Tb/ tb/ tB
P4 Law of Independent assortment.
Two
27
5(a)(i)
J: Inhalation // breath in //
inspiration / inhale
K: Exhalation // Breath out//
expiration/ exhale

Two
28
5 (a)(ii)
Criteria
External
intercostal
muscles
Internal
intercostal
muscles
Diaphragm
Rib cage
Volume of
thoracic
J
Contract
Relax
Relax
Contract
Contract/
flattens/ move
down
Move upwards/
outwards
Relax/ curves
upwards / dome
shape/ curve
Moves downwards/
inwards. [reject:
chest]
Decreases
Increases

Two
29
P1 less oxygen / less air in atmosphere / less atmospheric

pressure.
[reject: less pressure]
P2 partial pressure of oxygen is low
P3 less oxygen in the blood
P4 detected by the (peripheral) chemoreceptor / carotid/ aortic
bodies // generate impulse to respiratory centre.
P5 sends / transmit impulses to the muscles / intercostal
muscle / diaphragm / effector
P6 rate of contraction / relaxation of the muscles/ intercostal
muscle/ diaphragm increase
P7 increase the breathing rate / inhalation/ exhalation
P8 increase ventilation rate
P9 impulse (from respiratory centre) send to heart
P10 heart beat faster
P11 more oxygen delivered to cell // to obtain enough /
sufficient oxygen // more carbon dioxide transported to lung.
Two
30
5(c)
P1 vigorous activity needs / use (more)
energy
P2 supply of oxygen is less (than oxygen
needed)/ not sufficient of oxygen
P3 anaerobic respiration occurs
P4 oxygen debt occurs // less energy is
produced / 150 kJ/ 2ATP
P5 Lactic acid formed
P6 lactic acid accumulated
P7 cause muscle fatigue
[reject: muscle cramp]
Two
31
6(a)(i)
F Plant wilts
E1 plant is added with excess fertilizer// less/ no water in
the soil // exposed to (high) sunlight // any suitable
explanation.
E2 the soil water is hypotonic to the cell (sap)// (more)
water lost through transpiration / evaporate // rate of
transpiration high // rate of evaporation high
E3 water diffuses out / moves out of the cell / down the
concentration gradient.
E4 by osmosis
E5 cytoplasm / vacuole shrinks/ become smaller
[reject: contract]
E6 plasma membrane moves/ pulls away/ detached from
the cell wall
E7 plasmolysis occurs // plant cell flaccid
Two
32
6(a)(ii)
F1 watering the plant // placing the plant in (a bucket/

container of) water // Add (more) water.
E1 The soil water is hypotonic to the (root hair) cells/ The water
concentration in the soil is higher than in the (root hair) cells.
E2 water enters/ diffuses into the (root hair) cell / down the
concentration gradient
E3 by osmosis
E4 vacuole/ cytoplasm expands/ exlarges
E5 the osmotic pressure of (root hair) cells reduce / turgor
pressure increase.
E6 pushing the plasma membrane against the cell wall.
E7 deplasmolysis occur.
E8 cell become turgid.
E9 the plant stands upright/ not wilt.
[reject: good condition/ fresh]
Two
33
6(b)
F At point R the concentration of sodium chloride
solution is 0% / distilled water.
F1 all/ 100% of red blood cells is haemolysed.
E1 0% of sodium chloride/ distilled water is
hypotonic to red blood cell.
E2 water diffuse/ enter/ move into the cell/ red blood
cell
E3 by osmosis
E4 Red blood cell expand / swell
E5 and burst
E6 cell membrane cannot withstand the high /
turgor/ hydrolytic pressure
E7 because cell membrane is very thin / weak // red
blood cell has no cell wall
Paper Two
34
6(b)
F2 At point S the concentration sodium
chloride solution 0.85%/ [0.80%-0.90%]
F3 0%/ No red blood cells is haemolysed
E8 0.85%/ [0.80%-0.90%] of sodium chloride
solution / at point S is an isotonic solution//
the concentration of sodium chloride solution
is equal / same as red blood cells / cell
E9 number/ rate of water molecules diffuse in
and out of the cell is the same/ net
movement of water molecules is zero.
E10 by osmosis
E11 cells in normal/ maintain its shape
Two
35
7(a)
Stage I
F pituitary (gland) secrete LH.
P1 High level of LH in the blood.
P2 (stimulates) ovulation
P3 Secondary oocyte / ovum is released
Stage II
P4 (LH stimulates) the development/
formation of corpum luteum
P5 (LH stimulates) corpus luteum to
secrete progesterone/ oestrogen and
progesterone
Two
36
7(b)(i)
F Contraceptile pills contain (synthetic)

progesterone and oestrogen.
P1 low level of FSH (in the blood)
[reject: FSH is inhibited]
P2 No development of follicle
P3 Graafian follicle does not form/ develop
P4 less/ no oestrogen secreted (by ovary)
P5 pituitary gland not/ less stimulated.
P6 to secrete (enough) LH
P7 No ovulation
Two
37
Causes
P1 Corpus luteum degenerates/ disintegrate/
reduce in size/ smaller
P2 ovum/ secondary oocyte not fertilised//
fertilisation does not occur
P3 No/ Low level of progesterone
P4 Lining of uterus wall/ endometrium
disintegrates/ breakdown/ regress/ rupture/
menses occur/ menstruation
[reject: Collapse]
Effect
P5 No implantation
P6 No pregnancy
Two
38
F1: Has primary xylem
Has primary and

secondary xylem
E1: (vascular) cambium

does not divides by
mitosis
Cambium divides by
mitosis (tangentialy)
inwards toward the pith
F2 has primary phloem
Has primary and

secondary phloem
E2 (vascular) cambium
does not divides by
mitosis
Cambium divides by
mitosis (tangentially)
outwards towards
epidermis.
Two
39
X
F3: smaller diameter /
radius
E3: vascular cambium not
divides by mitosis to form
secondary xylem and
phloem
F4: No cork/ cork
cambium.
E4: No cork cambium to
divide by mitosis to form
cork
F5: No bark// Has
epidermis
E5: No (external) cork
layer
Y
Larger diameter/ radius
Vascular cambium divides
by mitosis to form
secondary xylem and
phloem
Has cork/ cork cambium.
Cork cambium divides by
mitosis to form cork
towards bark
Has bark.
Has (external) cork layer.
Two
40
F6: No cambium ring
Has cambium ring.
E6: (vascular) cambium

does not divide
(vascular) cambium
divides by mitosis radially
sideways.
F7: No secondary cortex // Has secondary cortex.

Has cortex
E7: No cork cambium to
divide by mitosis to form
secondary cortex
Cork cambium divides by

mitosis to form secondary
cortex inwards.
Two
41
7(c)(ii)
P1: show unlimited growth/ continuous growth.

P2: is series of continuous sigmoid curves
P3: adding to one another // repeat year after year.
P4: each sigmoid curve represents one years
growth.
P5: (the end of each sigmoid) curve shows a slight
dip/ decrease.
P6: because of the shedding of leaves and fruits.
P7: Growth is affected by season.
P8: During summer/ spring/ rainy season rate of
photosynthesis/ growth is higher.
P9: During autumn/ winter/ drought the rate of
photosynthesis/ growth is slower.
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper Two
42
8(a)
P1: The food chain shows the flow energy from one
trophic level to another trophic level // shows the flow
of energy from paddy plant to caterpillar/ caterpillar
to bird/ bird to eagle.
P2: (The longer the food chain the) lower/ least the
energy received by the last consumer/ eagle// 10% of
energy is transferred from one level to the other
level// 90% of energy loss
P3: 90% of energy is lost as respiration/ reproduction/
any suitable process/ activity
P4: The paddy plant received the (highest) energy from
the sun.
P5 The light energy (from the sun) will be converted to
chemical energy/ food
P6: through photosynthesis
Two
43
P7: caterpillar eat/ obtain food from the paddy

plant// bird eat/ obtain food from caterpillar//
eagle eat/ obtain food from eat bird.
P8: caterpillar obtain energy from paddy plant//
bird obtain energy from caterpillar// eagle
obtain energy from bird.
P9: without the paddy plant there will be no
energy flow// if the number of paddy plant
decrease/ increase, the number of caterpillar
decrease/ increase
P10: No food produced for the (all the)
consumers.
P11: leads to extinction/ death/ less/ migration
Two
44
P12: The paddy plant is at the first trophic level//

caterpillar is at the 2nd trophic level// bird is at
the 3rd trophic level/ eagle is at the 4th trophic
level.
P13: Paddy plant is the producer/ caterpillar is
the primary consumer/ bird is the secondary
consumer/ eagle is the tertiary consumer.//
shown by the pyramid of number/ any
explanation relate to pyramid of numbers.
P14: the number of each organism has to be
maintain to in order to maintain the ecosystem
balance// if the number of any organism
change, it may cause imbalance of ecosystem
balance.// eagle control the number of bird//
bird control the number of caterpillar.
Two
45
P15: if the number of caterpillar

increase, the number of paddy
plant will decrease.
increase, the number of bird will
increase.
decrease, the number of paddy
plant will increase.
Two
46
P19: if the number of bird increase, the number

of caterpillar plant will decrease.
P20: if the number of bird increase, the
number of eagle will increase.
P21: if the number of bird decrease, the
number of caterpillar will increase.
P22: if the number of bird decrease, the
number of eagle will decrease/ migrate.
P23: if the number of eagle increase, the
number of bird plant will decrease.
P24: if the number of eagle decrease, the
number of bird will increase.
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper Two
47
8(b)
Excess fertilizers used
P1: Excess fertilisers which has very high content of
nitrates/ phosphates dissolved in the rain water/ flow into
the nearby stream / river.
P2 enhances/ stimulates the growth of algae// causes algae
to grow rapidly.
P3 which leads to eutrophication // algal bloom
P4: The alga covers the surface of the stream / river and
blocking sunlight to penetrate into the water.
P5: causes aquatics plants rate of photosynthesis lower/no
photosynthesis// lower the rate of photosynthesis of
aquatic plants.
P6: less oxygen released.
P7: aquatic organisms rate of respiration lower.
P8: (aquatic organism) competing with the algae for oxygen.
Two
48
P9: leads to the death of aquatic organism.

P10: rate of decomposition by bacteria higher / bacteria used up
the oxygen in the water // more oxygen has been used by
bacteria.
P11: less oxygen dissolved in water / concentration of oxygen (in
the water) reduced.
P12: BOD of water higher.
P13: soil pollution occur.
P14: change the Ph of the soil // Soil become acidic
P15: increase the salinity of the soil.
P16: damage the roots of the plant.
P17: less / no intake of water
P18: retard the growth/ decrease the rate of growth
P19: slow down the seed germination.
P20: minerals content in plant increase.
P21 attract / more vulnerable to pest infection
P22: plant die.
Paper Two
49
8(b)
Excessively chopping down of trees

C1: less tree
C2: no/less/ lower rate of photosynthesis
C3: No/less carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere//
concentration of carbon dioxide increase in the atmosphere.
C4: heat trapped in the atmosphere
C5: temperature of the environment increases
C6: causes green house effect/ global warming
C7: any suitable effect of global warming/ change in climate.
C8: the habitat/ shelter of the organisms are destroyed.
C9: destruction of food chains/ food web
C10: extinction species/ organisms/ migration
C11: lost of major sources of human food/ any suitable example
C12: no/destroy the water catchment area// no roots hold the soil/
the soil is loose
C13: Barren land exposed to heavy rain// sunlight
Two
50
9(a)(i)
Individual U
P1: Leads to gastric ulser/ gastritis
P2: (because) no food (in the stomach)
P3: Gastric glands secrete (much) gastric juice
P4: (Gastric juice) contains hydrochloric acid/
acid
P5: acts on/ corrodes the lining of the (epithelial
lining of) the stomach wall
P6: damage the cells/ tissues of the stomach/
internal bleeding/ inflammation
P7: causing abdominal pain/ nausea/vomitting
P8: develop into a hole/ wound in stomach wall.
[any five]
Two
51
9(a)(ii)
Individual W
P1: Bulimia
P2: maintain body mass/ fear of gaining weight
P3: cause depression/ anxiety/ stress
[accept: psychological diseases]
P4: lacking/ imbalance of mineral ions/ nutrients
P5: (serious) damage/ injury/ inflammation to the
digestive tract/ esophagus
P6: purging/ diarrhea
P7: causing abdominal pain/ muscle fatigue/ ulcer/
constipation/ edema/ dehydration/ bloating/ mouth
problem/ dizziness/ any correct example
P8: leads to cardiovascular diseases/ kidney damage
[any five]
Paper Two
52
9(b)
P1: Nasi lemak contains carbohydrate/ fats/ cholesterol
P2: provides energy/ building block for complex
molecules/ DNA/ RNA/ glycogen
P3: excess carbohydrate cause obesity/ diabetic
P4: coconut milk in nasi lemak contains cholesterol/ fats/
mineral/ calcium/ ferum/ vitamin
P5: Fried chicken/ egg/ ground nuts/ chilli gravy contain
protein/ fat/ minerals/ vitamin.
P6: Protein is needed to build new cells/ for growth/ cell
division/ repair cells
P7: excess of protein causes gout/ kidney failure/ liver
failure/ increase acid uric level in blood
P8: vitamin is needed for good health// any suitable
function
P9: any example of correct vitamin and function.
Two
53
P10: excess of lipid soluble vitamin cause liver

poisoning/ bone damage/ hair loss/ kidney damage.
P11: fats provide energy/ insulation/ protect internal
organ/ for water proofing/ built plasma membrane
P12: Excess fats cause obesity/ cardiovascular disease.
P13: Cucumber contains dietary fibre/ water/ vitamin/
mineral
P14: Fibre/ water help in peristalsis movement
P15: Prevent constipation/ reduce the rise of gut cancer/
prevent coronary heart disease
P16: water as a medium for biochemical reaction/
solvent.
P17: mineral needs for good health/ any suitable answer
P18: Any example of mineral and correct function.
Two
54
MARK SCHEME
BIOLOGY
2013
Two
55
SPM 2013
Q
1(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Correct
Reject
P: Glycerol
Q: Fatty acids
P: 1 (molecule)
Q: 3 (molecule)
Process X: Condensation/
Esterification
P1: (1 molecule) glycogen/ P combine Hydroge
n bond
with (3 molecules) fatty acids/ Q (to
form triglyceride).
P2: Bond formed// covalent bond.
P3: Involves removal of water//water
is produced/ released.
Paper Two
56
SPM 2013
Q
1(c)
Correct
Reject
P1: as an energy source

P2: as an insulator( from heat lost)//
Keep
maintain body temperature
warm
P3: provide protection against shock//
protect internal organ.
P4: contribute to structure of plasma
membrane (to form lipid bilayer)
P5: aid infect soluble vitamin
absorption (Vit. ADEK)

Paper Two
57
SPM 2013
Q
Correct
1(d Effect:
P1: Cardiovascular disease/ any suitable
)
disease related to the blockage of artery//

arteriosclerosis/ atherosclerosis/ myocardial
infarction/hypertension/heart attack/stroke/
high blood pressure
Reject
Thromb
osis
Explanation:
P2: The individual consumes excess fats/lipids
P3: (accumulation) of fats/lipids/
cholesterol/calcium deposited on the (inner)
wall (of the artery)// atherosclerosis
P4: lumen narrower/smaller
P5: producing high resistance (to blood flow)//
blood pressure high
P6: artery (wall) become harden/
arteriosclerosis
P7: blocks/slow down/insufficient/prevent blood
flow
Paper Two
P8: weakened the heart muscle
58
SPM 2013
Q
Correct
Reject
1(e) P1: consume balance diet//
consume less oily food
according to food pyramid// eat
more fruits/ vegetables//
healthy eating habit
P2: practise healthy lifestyle//
not smoking// not taking
alcohol// not stress// sleep
Exercis
early/enough
e
P3: regular exercise// jogging
every morning.
Paper Two
59
SPM 2013
Q
2(a)
(b)
(c)
Correct
Reject
Q: Transport vesicle
S
transports synthesised
proteins
P1: semi-permeable
P2: allows small particle/ same size
(as pore) to pass through it
P3: acts selectively/ allows certain
molecules/ substances to pass
through// control/ regulate the
movement of substances to cross it//
facilitated diffusion// active transport
P4: dynamic/ fluidity/ flexible
P5: contains phospholipid
(molecules)/ proteins/ cholesterol
Paper Two
60
SPM 2013
Q
Correct
Reject
2 (d) P1: R is Golgi apparatus
P2: modifies protein into enzymes
P3: packages the enzyme
P4: into secretory vesicles
P5: move to plasma membrane
P6: fused with plasma membrane
P7: (enzyme) secreted/ released out
of the cell
(e)
P1: the organelle is chloroplast/
animal does not have chloroplast
P2: do not need to absorb light energy
P3: does not carry out photosynthesis
P4: animal is heterotroph//holozoic
nutrition
Paper Two
61
Q
2(e)
(ii)
(iii)
Correct
Reject
P1: contains stored food/ glucose/
Starch
sugar/ carbohydrate/ act as storage
organ
P2: for growth of plant/ forms new
leaves
Does
P3: no photosynthesis occurs
not
P4 no absorption of light energy (so need
does not need chloroplast/
light
chlorophyll)
energy
P1: slow growth// still can grow/
germinate
P2: storage food (in scale leaf) is
used// does not need carry out
photosynthesis
P3: onion bulb shrinks/ become
Paper Two
smaller
62
SPM 2013
Q
Correct
3(a)(i)
Height : Continuous variation

Ability to roll tongue: Discontinuous variation
(ii)
Continuous variation
Discontinuous variation
Shows gradual/ slight

changes//has intermediates
(between individual)
Shows extreme/ distinct

differences// no
intermediates
Can be measured//
quantitative
Cannot be
measured//qualitative
Bell-shaped curve/ normal

curve// normal distribution
Discrete curve. Graph//bar

chart// not a normal
distribution
Influenced by environment
factor (and genetic factor)
Influence by genetic factor
Controlled by several
genes/pairs of allele
Seminar and workshop

of Biology
Controlled
by single
gene/ a
Paper Two
pair
of allele
63
SPM 2013
Q
3(b)
Correct
P1: during meiosis
P2: gametes received/ has/
inherited (allele) IO, IA,IB
P3: during fertilization/ fuse
Reject
Combin
e/meet
P4: gamete (with allele) IB fused/

fertilized with gamete (with allele)
IO
P5: (Thus) the offspring/ zygote
with genotype is IBIO (blood group
is B)// offspring inherit alleles IO
and IB from the parents.
P6: allele IB is dominant to allele IO,
so the offspring blood group
is B.
Paper Two
64
SPM 2013
Q
3(c)
(d)
Correct
P1: Grey-colored moth adapted
better (to the environment)//
Environment more suitable for greycolored moth
P2: by camouflage
P3: avoid from predators
P4 better survival// Avoid extinction
P1: no variation/ varieties
P2: (From) clones
P3: contain same genetic material
P4: same body resistance
P5: lower/ no body resistance//
could not resist infection
Reject

Paper Two
65
SPM 2013
Q
Correct
Reject
4(a) R: Sweat gland

S: Erector muscle
(b)
(i)
P1: As heat insulator// help maintain the

body temperature
P2: as energy source
P3: store fat/lipid
Keep the
body warm
Protect
internal
organ
(ii)
P1: blood capillary constrict//

WCR given
vasoconstriction
if candidate
P2: (blood capillary) further from the skin
answer
(surface)// diameter/lumen of blood capillary situation P
smaller
and Q
P3: less/reduce/prevent blood flow (to the
skin surface)
P4: less/reduce/prevent heat lost
P5: by radiation
P6: (body temperature) lower thanPaper
normal
Two
66
SPM 2013
Q
4(c)
Correct
Reject
R
F1: more active/ stimulated
E1: to release (more) sweat//
Flat/flatten
sweat evaporates
/ drop
E2: (more) heat lost/ absorb (in
*All parts
sweat)
must be
S
answer to
F2:S/ erector muscle relaxes//
give 5
become thinner
marks.
E2: down/ lay down
If any part
T
did not
F3: the hair slant/ lay down/lie
answer,
E3: less air trapped// more heat
max mark
loss// less insulation
given only
Paper Two
4
67
SPM 2013
Q
4(d)
Correct
F1: acts as a (physical) protective
layer/ first line body defense
E1: prevents from invasions of
pathogens
F2: has sebum/ lysozyme
E2: traps/ kills bacteria/ inhibit
bacteria growth
F3: act as excretory organ
E3: excrete sweat/ urea/
water/mineral/salt/ waste product
F4: act as sensory organ
E4: detect the external
stimuli/pain/pressure/touch
Reject
Toxic
waste
Heat/cold
*if F2
wrong, E2
Paper Two
rejected
68
SPM 2013
Q
5(a)
Correct
Reject
F: M is Xylem
F1: has lignified wall
E1: strengthened (the vessel
from collapsing)/ prevent the
(vessel) from collapsing
E2: to withstand (the change of )
water pressure
F2: (long) hollow/ narrow/ opened
ended/ open end to end
E3: (ensure) continuous flow of
Transport
water
water from
E4: produce capillary action
root to leaf
E5:Adhesion/ cohesion forces
Two
69
SPM 2013
Q
5(b)
(i)
Correct
Rejec
t
F: K is transpiration
F1: to cool the plant/ to regulate/
maintain plant temperature
E1: water absorb heat from the plant
F2: transpirational pull is created
E2: to evaporate/ to become water vapor
F3: for turgidity of the plant/ to maintain
the osmotic pressure of the plant
E3: continuous flow of water from root
(to leaves)
F4: transport minerals/ water
E4: support the plant// provide
(mechanical) support
E5: for the growth/ health ofSeminar
the and
plant/
workshop of Biology
Paper Two
photosynthesis
70
SPM 2013
Correct
Rejec
t
5(b)
(ii)
P1: dust (from factory) accumulate/ block the

leaves/ stoma
P2: less/ no light absorbed (by chloroplast in
guard cell)// less/no gases exchange// light
cannot penetrate leaves
P3: lower/no rate of photosynthesis// less/no
glucose produce (in guard cell)
P4: Guard cell less turgid// stoma close
P5: Rate of transpiration lower// water
vapour unable to diffuse out
(c)
F1: root/stem/ leaves sunk in the water

E1: less/no exchange of (respiratory)
gaseous/ carbon dioxide/ oxygen// anaerobic
respiration
E2: lower rate respiration// respiration stops//
due to accumulation of ethanolPaper Two
71
SPM 2013
Q
5(d
)
Correct
Cell L
Closely/
vertically
arranged// tightly
packed
Contains more
chloroplast
Have a
rectangular/
cylindrical shape
Reject
Spongy
Mesophyll cell
Loosely arranged
Contains less
chloroplast
Have an
oval/irregular/
spherical/ round
shape
Chlorophy
ll
Fix shape/
not fix
Regular/
irregular

Two
72
Correct
5(e)
Day
Night
F1 Turgid
Flaccid
E1 Shape of guard cell

more curve/ swell
up/expand/ bend
outwards
Shape of guard cell less

curve/ normal
shape//curve inwards
E2 Higher rate of
photosynthesis
No photosynthesis
E3 Glucose content in
guard cell high
Glucose content in
guard cell low/less
E4 Water content in guard Water content in guard

cell high// water move/ cell low//less//water
diffuse into the cell
move/diffuse out of the
cell
E5 Stoma open
Stoma close
Two
73
ESSAY
SPM 13

Two
74
6(a) Rajah menunjukkan struktur respirasi

seekor belalang.
Terangkan bagaimana sel-sel badan memperoleh oksigen

daripada udara.
[ 4 marka

Paper Two
75
SPM 2013 (Essay)

6(a
Mark Scheme
)
P1 (body muscles relax and) spiracle opens
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
Air oxygen enters/flows in the trachea/

through spiracle
Air/ oxygen enters tracheol
Oxygen dissolve in the fluid (at the end
of the tracheol)
Bath the body cells
(dissolved oxygen) diffuse into the body
cells
Follow the concentration
Papergradient//
Two
76
(b) Jadual menunjukkan kadar pernafasan

seorang pelajar semasa berehat dan
semasa melakukan aktiviti cergas.
Kadar
pernafasan
per minit
Semasa
berehat
16
Semasa
aktiviti
cergas
30
Terangkan mengapa kadar pernafasan pelajar itu berbeza

semasa berehat dan semasa aktiviti cergas.
[4 mar

Two
77
SPM 2013 (Essay)

6(b)
P1
Mark Scheme
Breathing rate when doing vigorous
activity is higher than during resting
P2
(when doing vigorous activity), more

energy is needed.
P3
P4
For muscle contraction

More oxygen is needed
P5
P6
P7
To oxidise glucose
For energy production
More carbon dioxide is produced
Paper Two
78
SPM 2013 (Essay)

6(b
Mark Scheme
)
P8 Concentration of carbon dioxide
increases
P9 Blood pH is lower/decreases/ drop//
acidity of blood increases
P10 Detected by central chemoreceptor
P11 (central chemoreceptor) send impulse/
stimulate respiratory centre
P12 (Respiratory centre) send impulse/
stimulate respiratory muscle/diaphragm/
intercostals muscle
Paper Two
P13 Respiratory muscle/ intercostals
muscle/
79
(c) Rajah menunjukkan kepekatan asid

laktik dalam
darah seorang atlet.
Terangkan perbezaan kepekatan asid laktik dalam darah

seorang atlet semasa dan selepas melakukan aktiviti cerg
[6 markah]
Two
80
SPM 2013
6(c
)
When doing vigorous

activity
After doing vigorous

activity exercise
P1
The concentration of lactic

acid in the blood increases
The concentration of lactic

acid in the blood decreases
P2
Glucose molecules are

broken down/ oxidised
incompletely/ partially
Glucose molecules are

broken down/ oxidised
completely
P3
Less energy
produced//150kJ// 2ATP
More energy produced/

2898kJ// 38ATP
P4
Accumulation of lactic acid

occurs
Lactic acid is oxidised/

eliminated
P5
Anaerobic respiration occurs Aerobic respiration occurs
P6
Intake of oxygen is not able

to meet the demand of the
cells/ blood cannot supply
enough oxygen
Excess/ more supply of

oxygen (through fast and
deep breathing)
P7
Oxygen deficiency/ oxygen

debt occurs
Oxygen debt is paid

Two
81
(d) Rajah 6.3(a) menunjukkan alveolus individu yang sihat.

Rajah 6.3 (b) menunjukkan alveolus individu yang,
menghidap emfisema.
Rajah 6.3(a)
Rajah 6.3(b)
Emfisema adalah sejenis penyakit peparu.

Terangkan kesan penyakit tersebut kepada kesihatan indiv
itu.
[ 6 markah]
Paper Two
82
SPM 2013
6(d
)
Sample answer
Reject
P1
Breathing become difficult/less

efficient/breathlessness
P2
The (partition) wall (between) the air sacs

are destroyed/ damage/ distorted// alveoli/
lung become inelastic
P3
Due to the toxic chemicals/ tar in the

cigarette smoke// due to smoking
P4
Less/ smaller (total) surface area (of

alveolus)
P5
Less air/ oxygen in the alveolus
P6
Volume of alveolus decreases
P7
Less oxygen diffuse from alveolus into the

blood capillaries// less gases exchange
P8
(Therefore,) the body cells receive less

oxygen
Paper Two
Alveolus
shrink/
smaller
83
7. Rajah menunjukkan sepasang kromosom

homolog. Suatu
ciri ditentukan oleh sepasang
alel. T dan t mewakili alel bagi ciri ketinggian.
(a) Berdasarkan Rajah, terangkan bagaimana ciri ketinggian

ditentukan.
[4 markah]
Paper Two
84
SPM 2013
7(a)
Sample answer
P1
(Characteristics of height) is determined

by (a pair of alleles) T and t
P2
T represent dominant allele and t

represent recessive allele
P3
(Both alleles are located) on the same

locus
P4
In heterozygous state/ Tt, tall (trait) is

expressed
P5
Because T/ dominant allele is present
P6
In homogygous state/ TT, tall (trait) is

expressed
P7
Short trait is only express if both alleles

are recessive/ tt// homogygous recessive
Rejec
t
Seminar
and workshop
of Biology
diagram,
max.
mark
If candidates answer in schematic
Paper Two
given are 2 marks only.
85
(b) Rajah menunjukkan pewarisan hemofilia

dalam sebuah keluarga. Hemofilia adalah
penyakit terangkai seks. Bapanya seorang
normal dengan genotip XHY, manakala ibunya
seorang wanita hemofilia dengan genotip
XhXh.
Terangkan kebarangkalian anak-anak mewarisi hemofilia

[6 markah]
Two
86
SPM 2013
7(b)
Sample answer
P1
(Haemophilia is) caused by recessive allele/ gene
P2
On X chromosome
P3
During meiosis // Genetic diagram
P4
The male gametes XH and Y are formed// Genetic

diagram
P5
The female gametes Xh is formed// Genetic diagram
P6
During fertilisation// Genetic diagram
P7
The offspring (genotype) is XHXh, XhY
P8
(All) male offspring/ sons are haemophiliac
P9
(All) female offsprings/ daughters are carrier/ normal
P10
Probability of male offspring to have haemophilia is

100%/1
P11
While probability of female offspring to have

haemophilia is 0%
Paper Two
87
SPM 2013
Parental
phenotyp
e
Normal male
X
Parental
genotype
Haemopjilia female
XHY
XhXh
Meiosis
Gametes
XH
Xh
Xh
XHXh
XHXh
XhY
XhY
Fertilisatio
n
Genotype
of offspring
Phenotype Haemophili Haemophili Haemophili Haemophili

of offspring ac carrier
ac carrier
acmale
acmale
female
female
Two
88
(c) Rajah menunjukkan keadaan sel darah merah

dua individu, P dan Q.
Individu Q menghidap suatu penyakit genetik.
Terangkan perbezaan kesihatan antara individu

P dengan individu Q.
[4 markah]
Two
89
SPM 2013
7(c
)
P1
Able to carry out

vigorous activity
Easily feel tired/ fatique/

difficult in breathing/
breathless
P2
Normal biconcave shape Sickle shape (by red

(of RBC)
blood cell
P3
Larger surface area
P4
Store more haemoglobin Store less haemoglobin
P5
Transport more oxygen
Transport less oxygen
P6
Efficient cellular
respiration
Less efficient in cellular

respiration
P7
Normal healthy
individual
Suffered from sickle cell

anemia
Smaller surface area
* Max. 2 marks given if candidates

answer in form of
Two
package style.
90
(d) Bakteria boleh diubah suai

secara genetik untuk
menghasilkan insulin.
Terangkan kegunaan insulin itu
bagi seorang pesakit kencing
manis.
[6 markah]

Paper Two
91
SPM 2013
7(d
)
P1
(Diabetic persons) sugar/ glucose level in the blood

is high/ hyperglycemia
P2
No/ less insulin is produced/secreted by pancreas
P3
Insulin is produced by genetic engineering
P4
Through manipulation of genes
P5
(The insulin is injected (to the patient)
P6
Liver (cells) is stimulated
P7
Increase the intake of glucose from blood
P8
(and) converts excess glucose into glycogen
P9
Stored in the liver
P1
0
Reduce/ decrease blood sugar/ glucose to normal

range
Two
92
8(a) Rajah menunjukkan pelbagai jenis makanan

yang telah diproses melalui kaedah pemprosesan
makanan.
(i) Terangkan tujuan pemprosesan makanan.

[ 5 markah]
(ii)Terangkan kesan buruk kaedah pemprosesan
terhadap
kesihatan manusia.
[5 markah]
Paper Two
93
8(a)
(i)
F1
Sample Answer
Kept longer// avoid wastage/ save money/ kill
microorganism/ prevent bacteria growth
P1
Adding preservative/ stabiliser/ by heating/

high temperature/ salting/dehydration
F2
To increase commercial value// look attractive
P2
By packaging/ adding colouring
F3
Food taste better/ improve texture
P3
Adding flavouring
Two
94
8(a)
(i)
F4
P4
Diverse a type of food

Through research and development
(R&D)/ Innovative recipe
F5
Increase the economy of a country
P5
Promoting production of food in wide
scale
F6
For better health// Avoid food poisoning
P6
Hygienic preparation/ by heating
F7
Easy for digestion/easy to prepare
P7
By heating/ canning
* Similar word for packaging/ heating/ canningonly once
Paper Two
95
SPM 2013
8(a)
(ii)
F1
E1
E2
F2
E3
E4
F3
E5
Sample Answer
Low nutrient content
High temperature destroys vitamin/
nutrient
Leads to dizziness/ weakness/
malnutrition
High carcinogenic substances// benzoic
acid lead to cancer
Colouring/ preservative/ stabiliser/
additive leads to cancer
Enhances mutation
High content of sugarSeminar and workshop of Biology
Two
Increase blood sugar Paper
level
96
SPM 2013
8(a)
(ii)
F4
E7
E8
F5
E9
E10
Sample Answer
High content of sugar
Increase blood osmotic pressure
Leads to high blood pressure//
hypertension
High content of fats
Increase body mass
Leads to obesity/
cardiovascular disease
Paper Two
97
(b) Rajah menunjukkan piramid makanan.
Terangkan kepentingan makanan bagi setiap aras dalam

piramid makanan.
[10 marka
Paper Two
98
SPM 2013
8(b
Sample Answer
)
F1
(in food pyramid), the higher the level of
the class of food placed, the lower the
quantity of food needed// balance diet
E1
Level 1 contains (the class of food of)
carbohydrates
E2
Provides (high amount of) energy
E3
Lack of carbohydrates leads to tiredness/
marasmus
E4
Excess of carbohydrate leads to obesity
E5
Level 2 contains (the class of food of)
vitamin/ mineral/ fibre
E6 For health/ the function of metabolism
in the body// Vitamin Paper
A for
eyesight
Two
99
SPM 2013
8(b)
Sample Answer
E7
Lack of vitamin C leads to scurvy
E8
Level 3 contains ( the class of food of) protein
E9
To build new cells/ replace dead cells/ for growth
E10
Lack of proteins lead to marasmus/ kwashiorkor
E11
Excess proteins leads to gout/ kidney failure/
E12
Level 4 contains ( food of class of) lipid/ sugar/ salt

*accept: fat
*reject: carbohydrate/starch
E13
Provides high energy value

*accept: provide energy
*reject: provide heat
E14
Lack of lipid/ sugar/ salts leads to tiredness
E15
Excess sugar/ lipids will cause diabetes

(mellitus)/ cardiovascular disease/ obesity
Paper Two
10
9. Rajah menunjukkan suatu

ekosistem.
(a) Banyak kilang baharu didirikan berdekatan

dengan sungai.
Terangkan kesan buruk kewujudan kilang-kilang
tersebut
terhadap ekosistem itu.
Paper Two
10
SPM 2013
9(a)
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
Sample Answer
Release green house gases/ CO2/
Methane/NO2/NO
Carbon dioxide trapped (at atmosphere)
Trapped heat
Increase the (environment) temperature
Leads to green house effect/ global
warming
Denatured the enzyme (for
photosynthesis)
Slower/ lower rate of photosynthesis
Growth rate of the plants slower
Reduces plants population/
crop yields// 10
Paper Two
SPM2013
9(a Sample Answer

)
P10 Less biodiversity
P11 Sulphur dioxide/ nitrogen oxide// effluent
from the factory// toxic chemical such as
lead/ mercury
P12 Dissolved in rain water
P13 From acid rain
P14 Flow into the river/ soil
P15 Ph (river water/ soil) decreases/ increase
the acidity
P16 Leads to water pollution// leads to soil
fertility decrease/ infertility
P17 Death of organism
Paper Two
10
SPM2013
9(a Sample Answer

)
P19 Imbalance ecosystem
P20 Release of harmful/ poisonous gases/
pollutant/ CO/CO2/ particles/dust/dirt
P21 Causes haze/ smog/ air pollution
P22 Block the stoma of the leaves
P23 Reduce rate of photosynthesis
P24 Heat released from generator
P25 Increase (river) water temperature
P26 Causes thermal pollution
P27 Reduces dissolved oxygen
P28 Death of aquatic organisms
Paper Two
10
SPM2013
9(b)
(i)
Sample answer
P1
Biodiversity/ various fauna/flora/aquatic

organism// ensure continuation/ survivor of
certain spesies// avoid extinction
P2
A balanced ecosystem
P3
Source of water
P4
Breeding places
P5
Maintain major sources of human food/

medicinal products
P6
Sustain food web/ chain in the ecosystem//

provide food for animal
P7
Preserve natural resources for outdoor/

recreational activities/ research site
P8
Reduce stress/ promote healthy life style
P9
Ecotourism attraction
Paper Two
10
SPM2013
9(b)
(ii)
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
Treatment of the effluent (before draining

into river)
River water less/ free from poisonous
substance
Which cause death to the aquatic organism
Planting/ replanting (more) trees at the
river bank
Prevents soil erosion
(The plants) provides oxygen (from
photosynthesis)
For respiration (of the aquatic organisms)
Awareness campaign on clean
environment/ river
Paper Two
10
SPM2013
9(b)
(ii)
P11
P12
P13
P14
P15
P16
P17
P18
P19
Restriction of disposal of rubbish/ chemical/

pesticide/ poisonous substance into the
river
Reduce water pollution/ BOD level
Using biological control methods
Acts only on the pest
Pollution free// release no pollutant
Restriction of building new factories nearby
the river
Avoid release of more pollutants to the
environment
Enforcement of environmental act
and chamber
workshop of Biology
By installing filer in theSeminar
fume
Paper Two
10
MARK SCHEME
BIOLOGY
2012

Paper Two
10
Correct answer
Reject
1(a)
(i)
P: Cell wall
Q: vacuole
(ii)
Component P: Cellulose
Content Q: Cell sap/ water/ mineral
salts/ sugar/ glucose/ amino acids/
nutrient/ waste products/ oxygen/CO2/
Enzyme
(b)
F1: (Celulose) is rigid/ tough/ strong

E1: P/ it maintains the shape of plant
cell
F2: (Fully) permeable
E2: allow (all) substance to move
across it
(c)
E1: Osmoregulation// regulate/ control

water content/ osmotic pressure in the
cell
E2: for tugidity
Seminar
andwilt
workshop of Biology Paper
E3: for (mechanical) support/
not
Two
Tonoplas
Plant
turgid
10
Q
d(i)
Correct answer
Specialisation
(ii)
E1: Xylem vessel is hollow/

narrow/ absence of
photoplasm/ cytoplasm
E2: continuos tube/ open at
both ends
E3: the wall is lignified
E4: tough/ strong
E5: impermeable to water
E6: allow continuos flow of
water// increase/ create the
capillary action// adhesion/
cohesion force
Reject
Empty
Any
explanati
on on
tracheid

Two
11
Q
2(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Correct answer
Reject
R
Because the number of
Dilute/
water molecule in R is more/ concentrat
the number of solute
ed
molecule in R is less (than S)
Note: a(i) and a(ii) are
dependent
C1: The level of solution in
region R is lower/ S is higher
C2: The no. of sucrose
molecules in both region R
and S are maintained.
Two
11
Q
2(a)
(iv)
(b)(i)
(ii)
Correct answer
Osmosis
Reject
P1: Water moves/ diffuses out

from cabbage cell/ bacteria
P2: Bacteria will die/ cannot
live/ dehydrated// growth of
bacteria is inhibited
C1: Plasma membrane is
pulled away from the cell wall
C2: The size of vacuole is
smaller
( Note: Nucleus is embedded)
Two
11
Q
2(b)
(iii)
(c)
Correct answer
Flaccid/plasmolysed
Reject
P1: Isotonic drink is a solution

which has same concentration/
osmotic pressure as a fluid
inside the body fluid.
P2: No net movement of water
molecules// No change in
shape/ size of the cell
P3: to maintain the internal
environment/ osmotic
pressure/ body weight/ water
content/ balance
P4: to replace body fluid/ water
loss
P5: To avoid/ preventTwo
11
Correct answer
3(a)
Aspect
Type of cell
division
Cell P
Meiosis/ Meiosis I
Cell Q
Mitosis
Stage of
Metaphase I
cell division
Metaphase
Chromoso
mal
behaviour
Q1: Chromosome/
sister chromatid
align/ arrange on
the metaphase/
equator plate.
P1:(A pair of)

homologous
chromosomes align/
arrange on the
metaphase / equator
plate
Q2: The spindle fibre

holds on the
centromer of the
chromosome
P2: The spindle fibre

holds on the
and workshop of Biology Paper
centromer of the Seminar
Two
11
Q
3(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Correct answer
Reject
45
Turners Syndrome
Turners
disease
P1: (Has) less one X

chromosome/ monosomy
P2: less level of sex
hormones// lower
development of secondary
sexual characteristics// no.
breast/small/ no menstrual
cycle
P3: infertile/barren/ not able
Mentally
to reproduce/ sterile
retarded
P4: low IQ/ deaf/swelling
Two
11
Q
3(c)
(i)
(ii)
Correct answer
Reject
P1: (The cell is exposed to)
Gene
radioactive/ radiations/ xmutatio
rays/uv / carcinogenic
n/
chemical/ formaldehyde/
Genetic
Benzene/ food preservative/
mutatio
food coloring/ asbestos/
n
mustard gases// Mutation/
chromosomal mutation
P2: causes drastic change in
the chromosomal number//
non-disjunction
P3: the gamete formed has
extra one (X) chromosome/
lack of one (X) chromosome.
P4: the zygote formed/
produced is lack/ lessTwoof one
11
Correct answer
Rejec
t
4(a)
Process K: Colonisation
Process L: Succession
(b)(i)
E1: Pioneer sp./ submerged plant die/

decomposed
( can name the species such as hydrilla
sp./ elodea sp.)
E2: deposited at the base of the pond
E3: The pond becomes more shallow/
shallower/ sediments become thicker.
E4: more nutrients (in the pond)
E5: more favourable for floating plants
(ii)
E1: (Excess) fertilizer diffuse/ flow (rich move

in nitrate and phosphate) dissolve in
rain water/ wash away/ leached into the
pond.
Seminar growth
and workshoprate
of Biology Paper
E2: increase the population/
Two
of algae.
11
Q
Correct answer
4(b E3:(cause) eutrophication occur/ algal
)(ii) bloom/ more alga prevent/ cover the
surface
E4: Block the sunlight to penetrate into the
pond//photosynthesis does not occur/
decrease/less O2 dissolve
E5: lead to death of aquatic organism//
increase the no. population of
bacteria/micro.
E6: increase BOD/ water pollution
(iii) P1: Pond in stage IV had undergo
colonisation/or succession process while
Stage I not.
P2: Pond in stage IV is shallower compared
to in Stage I
Two
P3: More sediment deposited
at the base of
11
Q
(c)(i)
Correct answer
Plant
(ii)
(iii)
P
Q
Reject
Total
number
16
5
P
P1: Total/population/ frequency
of plant P is bigger/ more than
plant Q// Population P cover
bigger/ wide area
P2: Plant P is more adapted/
competitive compared to plant
Q
Seminar
and workshop of Biology Paper
(Note: (c)(ii) and (c)(iii)
are
Two
11
Correct answer
Rejec
t
5(a)
(i)
(ii)
Box 1: TG
Box 2: tg
Tall and green
(b)(i)
Row 2: TTGg, TTgg, TtGg, Ttgg

Row 4: TtGg,TtGg, ttGg, ttgg
3/16//
0.2//0.1875//0.188//0.19//18.75%//1
8.8%
F1: Ratio 9:3:3:1
E1: Phenotype 9 tall, green: 3 tall,
yellow: 3 short, green: 1 short,
yellow.
E2: Mendel Second Law// Law of
Independent Assortment
E3: During gamete formation,
each
Two
(ii)
(c)(i)
T,G or
t,g
12
Q
(c)(ii)
Correct answer
E1: During meiosis// prophase I//
metaphase I/II
E2: Independent assortment of
chromosome occurs/ Mendel Second
Law// crossing over// exchange in
genetic materials
E3: Random combination of alleles take
place
E4: in gamete formation
E5: Produce variation in gamete
E6: random fertilisation takes place
E7: different/ new genotype of offspring
Two
12
MARK SCHEME
BIOLOGY
2011

Paper Two
12
SPM 2011
Correct
1 (a)(i) R: Muscle cell
Reject
muscle only without cell.
1 (a)(ii) transports/ carry

oxygen/carbon dioxide/
respiratory gases
Transport blood/
oxygenated blood/
deoxygenated blood
1 (b) converting excess

glucose to glycogen
Transform/ change
glucose to glycogen
1(c) Peristalsis squeezes/ the bolus flow/ move

push/ force the bolus
down (copy question).
down to the stomach
Paper Two
12
Correct
1(d) converts/
coagulates/ solidify/
curding caseinogen to
casein.
HCl- destroy most
bacteria/ kill bacteria
2(b) the water diffuses
out
2(d) the concentration of
salt solution is higher/
hypertonic to cell sap
the plant cells become
dehydrated
Reject
Breakdown/ hydrolyse
caseinogen to casein
HCl- to stop amylase
action.
The water flow out
The concentration of salt
solution is higher to the
vegetables.
The plat cells looses
water

Paper Two
12
Correct
Reject
3(a) (ii) increase total

surface area/ TSA per V
ratio/ increase surface
area
4(c)(ii) ligament of
gymnast is more
elastic/stronger/ easy to
destrecthed
4(e) diet rich in calcium/
phosphate for strong
bones
5(a) due to the high
hydrostatic pressure
5(b)(ii) Reabsorption
process in R.
Total surface area w/o

volume
More flexible
Balance diet only
High blood pressure/

osmotic pressure
absorption
Paper Two
12
Correct
5(c) high intake of
glucose/ sugar/
carbohydrate
Excess glucose in R is
not reabsorbed into the
blood capillary thus
urine has much glucose
5(d) more water is
reabsorbed
Reject
Blood glucose level is
too high. Due to high
level of glucose in blood
Explanation on kidney
failure
Water is reabsorbed

Paper Two
12
MARK SCHEME
BIOLOGY
2010

Paper Two
12
Correct
1(a)(i) S: Rough
endoplasmic reticulum/
Rough ER
1(a)(ii) chromosomes
carry/ contain genetic
information/ material/
genes/ genetic code
1(b) the production of
extracellular enzyme is
incomplete/ no
production of enzyme//
protein.
(w/o Golgi apparatus)
the protein cannot be
modified
Reject
Endoplasmic reticulum/
RER
Contain DNA
Enzyme produced is less/

decrease.
Enzyme cannot be
modified.
Paper Two
12
Correct
2(c) Cytoplasm shrink//
Vacuole smaller
2(d) change in color of
food
change in taste of food
3(a) Meiosis I/ Meiosis/
Meiotic division
3 (b)(i) Pairing of
homologous
chromosomes/ synapsis.
Exchange of genetic
material/ genes//
crossing over
3(c) to form diploid
zygote.
Reject
Cell shrink
Different color
Different taste
Meiosis II
w/o homologous.
Crossing over between
chromatids/
chromosomes/non- sister
chromatids.
w/o diploid.
Paper Two
12
Correct
3(d)(iii) Lack of one X
chromosome
3(d)(iv) causes
chromosomal mutation
4(c) hydrolisis takes
place.
Enzyme/ trypsin/
protease acts on
protein X.
Bond is broken down.
To form dipeptides/
peptides.
4(e)(ii) wash in cold
water/ warm water// do
not wash in water of
high temperature//keep
Reject
Lack of one sex
chromosome
Gene mutation// change
structure of chromosome
Breakdown takes place.
Pepsin/ erepsin/
peptidase.
w/o bond.
Amino acids
Washing using water

more than 45C// Keep
silk in optimum
temperature.
Paper Two
13
Correct
Reject
5(d) difficulty in
movement/ walking/
cannot walk properly.
Pain/ swelling/ stiffness
at the joints
Person walk in pain.
5(e) prevent injuries to

muscles
Injuries to
tendon/ligament.
pain between bones/

discomfort at the joints/
knee.

Paper Two
13
6 (a) Explain the growth curve of a grasshopper
E7
a series of staircase growth// non linear

curve
Have a hard exoskeleton/ outer skeleton
Is made of chitin
This limit the increase in body length
The growth rate is zero
New soft exoskeleton is formed beneath the old
The insect sucking in a big volume of air
skeleton
To force the old skeleton to split open/ break.
E8
The new exoskeleton expand
E9
The growth stops when reach adult
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6

Paper Two
13
6(b)
Explain each phase of the growth curve
F1
P is lag phase// During infant phase/phase P,

the gradient is small/ low// the height
increase slowly.
The number of growing cells is low/ small//
growth rate is slow
E1
F2
During phase Q, the gradient is the highest/

high// the body height increase
exponentially/ rapidly// rapid growth
E2
Growth rate is the fastest/ increase rapidly//

Active cell division and elongation occur
F3
During phase R, the gradient is small// the

height increases slowly
Paper Two
13
6(b) Explain each phase of the growth curve

E3
Slow growth rate// Most cell have reach their
maximum size
E4
Growth is limited by external/ internal factors
F4
During phase S, the gradient is zero// Body
height remains constant// No changes in body
height
E5
Growth rate is zero// number of new cells
produced is equal to the number of the cells
eliminated
E6
Organism achieves maturity
F5
During phase T, the gradient is negative// the
growth enter the ageing stage/ phase// Body
height decreasing.
Paper Two
13
6(b Explain each phase of the

)
growth curve
E7 Decreased in number of cells/
less cell replacement// growth
rate negative
E8 Low/ decreased absorption/
assimilation of nutrients by the
cells
E9 The muscles/ cartilage of the
body start to degenerate
Paper Two
13
6(C)
Explain the various methods to

overcome the infertility problem based
on the following criteria
Problem
Method
P1: Low count Artificial

of sperm
inseminati
on
P2: Women
IVF
have blocked
or damaged
Fallopion
tubes
P3:
Surrogate
Abnormalities mother
of uterus
Explanation
Sperms collected and
concentrated before
insemination
Ovum and sperm are
mixed together in
petri dish
Embryo from IVF is

implanted in the
uterus
Paper of
Two another
13
problem
P4:
insufficient/
imbalance of
hormone
P5: Absent of
sperm in
semens//
abnormal
sperm/
Azoospermia
Method
Explanation
Injection of
To stimulate
hormone/ FSH the
development
of Follicles
Artificial
Sperms are
Insemination chosen from
sperm bank

Paper Two
13
7(c)
Determine the phenotypic

percentage of the offspring in
the cross based on the following
criteria:
Parents
Black fur
White fur
phenotyp
e
C1
Parents
genotype
C2
Meiosis
C3
Gametes
C4
Fertilisatio
n
C5
Offsprings
genotype
C6
Offsprings
phenotype
C7
x
BB
bb
Bb
Bb
Bb
Bb
Balck fur
Black fur
100% offspring have black fur

Paper Two
13
7(b) explain the cause of Thalassemia

E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7
E8
Thalassemia is caused by defective

gene// recessive allele
Found on the autosome
Due to gene mutation
Affecting one of the base in the gene//
affecting the production of haemoglobin
Abnormal haemoglobin produced
Size of erythrocytes smaller than normal//
colour of erythrocytes paler
Thus, erythrocytes less efficient in
transporting oxygen
Leads to fatigue// anaemia//
pale
Paper Two
13
7(c) Explain why the first child who is Rhpositive survive but the second child who is
also Rh-positive does not survive
E1
Small amount of the fetus blood with antigen Rh

leak/ enter/ mix into the mothers blood
E2
(Stimulates/ trigger) the production of antibody (antiRhesus in the mothers blood)
E3
The antibody (anti- Rhesus) diffuse into the foetals blood
E4
Causing agglutination/ haemolysis of the foetal red blood//

cell in small quantity
E5
During second pregnancy (second child with Rh-positive).

The small amount of fetus blood leak/ enter/ mix into the
mothers blood
E6
Trigger more antibody (anti-rhesus) to be released from

the mothers blood
E7
The antibody diffuses into the foetus blood
E8
Causing (more) haemolysis of foetal red blood cell

Paper Two
14

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SEMINAR AND WORKSHOP

Pengalaman Menyampaikan Ceramah/Bengkel Biologi

Seminar and workshop of Biology

Seminar and workshop of Biology

Seminar and workshop of Biology

One hour and

(iii) Prediction: Die/ shrink / crenated

S1: cannot withstand

Haemophi C1: Lacking of

S1: small and pale red

C1: Absent of one X

S1: infertile/ non

S1: developed breast

S1: has more than five

Cause by a single gene S1: brain cells die

Defective gene for

S1: Lump / tumour//

Seminar and workshop of Biology

Seminar and workshop of Biology

(d) 3/16 // 0.19 // 19% // 18.75%

Seminar and workshop of Biology

Seminar and workshop of Biology

Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper

Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper

P1 less oxygen / less air in atmosphere / less atmospheric

F1 watering the plant // placing the plant in (a bucket/

F Contraceptile pills contain (synthetic)

F1: Has primary xylem

Has primary and

E1: (vascular) cambium

F2 has primary phloem

Has primary and

F6: No cambium ring

Has cambium ring.

E6: (vascular) cambium

F7: No secondary cortex // Has secondary cortex.

Cork cambium divides by

P1: show unlimited growth/ continuous growth.

P7: caterpillar eat/ obtain food from the paddy

P12: The paddy plant is at the first trophic level//

P15: if the number of caterpillar

P19: if the number of bird increase, the number

P9: leads to the death of aquatic organism.

Excessively chopping down of trees

P10: excess of lipid soluble vitamin cause liver

P1: as an energy source

Seminar and workshop of Biology

disease related to the blockage of artery//

Height : Continuous variation

Shows gradual/ slight

Shows extreme/ distinct

Bell-shaped curve/ normal

Discrete curve. Graph//bar

Influence by genetic factor

Seminar and workshop

P4: gamete (with allele) IB fused/

Seminar and workshop of Biology

4(a) R: Sweat gland

P1: As heat insulator// help maintain the

P1: blood capillary constrict//

P1: dust (from factory) accumulate/ block the

F1: root/stem/ leaves sunk in the water

Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper

E1 Shape of guard cell