EM Wave Spectrum and

Photon Energy
BY : HENDRA SETIAWAN
 What do you imagine when you
hear the word “opto-electronics”?
 Opto-electronics is a word combining
optics and electronics, mainly used in
Japan.
 American people prefer to use a term
“optronics” or “electro-optics”.
 This academic field covers broad concepts
involving light emitting devices and
elements, information displays, image
pickup devices, optical storages, optical
communications, remote sensing systems
and so on.
Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves :

Optical Waves

Visible

Gamma Rays
Microwaves

Ultraviolet
Infrared

X Rays
Radio

TV

103 1 10-3 10-6 10-9

 [m]

f [Hz] 106 109 1012 1015 1018

 Electromagnetic Spectrum
Visible Spectrum

700 nm 400 nm
 Spectrum
Continuous spectrum
slit prism Continuous spectrum
screen

Line spectrum
Line absorption spectrum

Line emission spectrum

ultraviolet infrared

300n 800n
m m
4eV 3.5eV 3eV 2.5eV 2eV 1.5eV
 VISIBLE LIGHT
 The visible wavelength region is
between 380 nm and 780 nm
 Light whose wavelength is shorter
than 380nm is called ultraviolet.
 Light whose wavelength is longer
than 780 nm is called infrared.
 Wavelength

Field
Strength 
Distance

Wavelength : distance to complete one sine wave

c0
 c0 : speed of light = 3*108 [m/s] (vaccum)
f : frequency [Hz]
f
Optical Frequencies & Wavelength
f [Hz]  
10nm

1016 390nm
ultraviolet violet
100nm 455nm
blue
1015 492nm
visible visible
green
1m
yellow 577nm
1014
orange 597nm
622nm
10m
infrared red
13
10

100m 760nm

1012 800nm
optical
1mm communications
1600nm
 LW Transmission
Bands
193 229 353 461 THz
Frequency
Near Infrared UV
Wavelength
(vacuum) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 µm

HeNe Lasers
Longhaul Telecom 633 nm
1550 nm
Regional Telecom CD Players
1310 nm 780 nm
Local Area Networks
850 nm
 Bohr Atomic Model

photon

nucleus

electrons

Classical Model Bohr PlanetaryModel

 Quantized Energy Levels & Orbits
Bigger orbit => Higher energy

electrons photon

n=4

Energy
n=3

n=2
n=1
nucleus n=1
n=2 Distance from nucleus

orbits
n=3
Emission and absorption of a photon
E=hf

Atomic de-excitation

Emission

E=hf

Absorption
Atomic excitation
Energy Bands, Absorption and Emmision

- particles in the matter occupy discrete energy levels.

Absorption:
- by absorbing external (thermal, electric or optical)
energy, particles move to a higher energy levels.

Emission:
- moving from a higher to a lower energy level is
compensated by the emission of a « photon ».
The Photon:

- light consists of particles called PHOTONs.

- photons have the speed of light (c0) in vacuum.
- photons have wave like characteristics.
- photons interact with other material
- photons have electromagnetic energy (E=hf )
 
 PHOTON Energy (E) : E = hf [eV]

h = Plancks cte = 6.626*10-34 [Js]

f = Frequency = c/ 0 [Hz]
c0 = 3 x 108 m/s (vacuum)

1 eV : energy transferred to accelerate an electron

in vacuum by a 1 V potential difference.

1eV = 1.602 x 10-19 [Joule]

Relation between f, 0 and E
f [Hz]
1015 1014 1013 1012 1011

 [m]
100nm 1m 10m 100m 1mm 1cm

E [eV]
10 1 10-1 10-2 10-3

 = 1m  f = 3*1014 [Hz] , h= 6.626*10-34 [Js]

 E = hf = 1.988*10-19 [J]  1.24 [eV]
e : electronic charge = 1.602 *10-19 [C]

  [m] = 1.24 /E[eV]

 NEXT
Solid State Electronic Material
 2 Assignment
nd

 Sebutkan dan gambarkan macam-

macam tipe kisi-kisi/lattice kristal?
 Apakah konduktivitas termal itu?