A New Spectrum Sensing Scheme using Three

Adaptive Thresholds Based on Energy

Detection
Advisor : Associate Professor Jaeshin Jang Ph.D.
Student : Cahyo Tri Satrio
Department of Information and Communication Engineering

Outline

Introduction
Energy Detection
Proposed Scheme (Three Adaptive Thresholds
Based on Energy Detection)
Simulation Result and Conclusion

Introduction

In cognitive radio, spectrum sensing is very crucial part of the whole process in
cognitive radio.

Spectrum sensing will allow Unlicensed User (Secondary User) to utilize

licensed spectrum by detecting spectrum holes without causing interferences
to the Licensed User (Primary User) .

There are various techniques or schemes for spectrum and among them the
energy detector needs little prior knowledge of Primary User (PU) signal than
other scheme.

However, the energy detection is not robust especially in low signal to noise
ratio rate (SNR), and thus the probability of detection (Pd) would be very low.
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Energy detection

The conventional energy detection was introduced in [1], but the

performance of this technique was limited by noise uncertainty.

Two-threshold energy detection was proposed in order to solve the

problem of noise uncertainty. However, there is a new problem for these
techniques, Confused Region Problem. This problem will happen when
all the statistic energy falls between upper and lower threshold [2].

In [3], the authors introduce Hierarchical Cooperative Spectrum Sensing

to solve the confused region problem, but this technique needs a lot of
additional requirements.

In the other hand, the dynamic threshold algorithm was proposed for
combating the noise uncertainty [4].

Three Adaptive Thresholds Based on Energy

Detection

In [3], the author proposed hierarchical

cooperative sensing using double thresholds
wherein those scheme needs Fusion Center
(FC) to avoid sensing failure problem and
make decision when the energy falls
between the two thresholds; this increases
the system requirement.

In order to solve the same problem without

increase the requirement, we propose a new
spectrum sensing scheme with three
adaptive threshold.

Three Adaptive Thresholds Based on Energy

Detection

Three different thresholds are combined

from double adaptive thresholds technique

and one adaptive threshold that we put at

confused region to overcome sensing failure
and get the better performance of spectrum
sensing due to noise uncertainty.

Where denote as min threshold and

denote max threshold

The noise uncertainty in the wireless

environment is describe as [, ], where

as noise uncertainty and

We choose upper bound of double
threshold to applying the dynamic
threshold factor to make another

threshold in confused region

/

The value of dynamic threshold can

be summarized as [, ]. where as
dynamic threshold factor and

Simulation Result and Conclusion

simulation is
The
implemented in Matlab

A new spectrum sensing

scheme using three adaptive

(R2010b).

thresholds based on energy

detection was proposed in this

paper. Based on simulation

We assumed total number of

result our scheme gives more

sample (N) as 1000,

improvement for sensing

SNR range from -30 to 0 dB,

performance and gives better

Probability of false alarm, =

performance than two

0.1,

conventional schemes without

=1.03,

ROC curve for energy detection

=1.07,

with proposed scheme when

and QPSK modulation is

considered in AWGN channel.

increased computing
complexity.

primary user is present

Any
questions?
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