ABASYN UNIVERSITY

ISLAMABAD CAMPUS
DEPATMENT-

ELECTRICAL
SUBJECT:- Electrical Measurement and Measuring
Instruments

Topic
Ohmmeter

NAME OF STUDENT:

STUDENT I.D NO:

Mudasser Chauhdary

0141

Raheel Mughal

0140

Muhammad Owais

0113

Nauman khan

0112

INTRODUCTION
Ohmmeter

An ohmmeter is an instrument used to measure resistance

and check the continuity of electrical circuits and component.
It has a low degree of accuracy. The statement regarding
accuracy is not intended in an unfavourable sense
An ohmmeter is useful for determining the approximate
resistance of circuit components such as heater elements or
machine field coils , measuring and sorting of resistors used
in electronic circuits , checking of semiconductor diodes.

Operation of an Ohmmeter
The purpose of an ohmmeter, of course, is to measure the
resistance placed between its leads. This resistance reading is
indicated through a mechanical meter movement which operates on
electric current.
The ohmmeter must have an internal source of voltage to
create the necessary current to operate the movement, and also
have appropriate ranging resistors to allow just the right amount of
current through the movement at any given resistance.

A more accurate type of ohmmeter has an electronic circuit

that passes a constant current (I) through the resistance, and
another circuit that measures the voltage (V) across the resistance.
According to the following equation, derived fromOhm's Law, the
value of the resistance (R) is given by R =V/I.

Basic Construction
of
Ohmmeter

TYPES OF OHMMETER
According to the construction

Shunt type ohmmeter

Series type ohmmeter

According to the display

Analog ohmmeter
Digital ohmmeter

SERIES TYPE OHMMETER

1. In this Figure,
R1 is the current limiting resistor,
R2 is the zero adjust resistor,
RX is the unknown resistor,
E is the internal battery voltage and
Rm is the internal resistance of the dArsonval movement.
A and B are the output terminals of the ohmmeter across
which an unknown resistor is connected.

2. When RX = 0 (short circuit), R2 is adjusted to get fullscale current through the movement. Then, I = Ifsd. The
pointer will be deflected to its maximum position on the
scale. Therefore, this full-scale current reading is
marked 0 ohms.
3. When RX = (open circuit), I = 0. The pointer will
read zero. Therefore, the zero current reading is marked
ohms.

SHUNT TYPE OHMMETER

1. Figure shows the basic circuit of the shunt-type ohmmeter

where movement mechanism is connected parallel to the
unknown resistance. In this circuit it is necessary to use a
switch, otherwise current will always flow in the movement
mechanism.
2. Resistor Rsh is used to bypass excess current.

3. Let the switch be closed. When RX = 0 (short circuit),

the pointer reads zero because full current flows through Rx
and no current flows through the meter and Rsh. Therefore,
zero current reading is marked 0 ohms.
4. When RX = (open circuit), no current flows through
RX. Resistor R1 is adjusted so that full-scale current flows
through the meter. Therefore, maximum current reading is
marked ohms.

DIGITAL OHMMETER

Digital ohmmeter s are used to measure the

resistance accurately
It shows the exact reading of the resistance
It is mostly used to measure the earth resistance

ANALOG OHMMETER

Analog ohmmeters are used to

measure the resistance of the circuit with
respect to the current flowing the circuit

It shows the reading in the analog

form so if there is mistake by the reader in
taking reader there it will cause great
difference in the calculations.

Many analog ohmmeters will, when

switched to the ohm function, reverse the
polarity of the test leads.

THANK YOU
Any Questions