Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Chapter 16
PowerPoint Authors:
Susan Coomer Galbreath, Ph.D., CPA
Charles W. Caldwell, D.B.A., CMA
Jon A. Booker, Ph.D., CPA, CIA
Cynthia J. Rooney, Ph.D., CPA
Copyright2013byTheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
16-2
Financial
Financial statement
statement
income
incometax
taxexpense.
expense.
The
TheInternal
InternalRevenue
Revenue
Code
Codeis
is the
theset
set of
of
rules
rulesfor
for preparing
preparing
tax
taxreturns.
returns.
Results in . . .
Usually. . .
IRS
IRSincome
income taxes
taxes
payable.
payable.
The
Theobjective
objectiveof
ofaccounting
accounting for
for income
incometaxes
taxes is
isto
to
recognize
recognizeaa deferred
deferredtax
taxliability
liability or
or deferred
deferredtax
taxasset
asset
for
forthe
thetax
taxconsequences
consequencesof
ofamounts
amountsthat
that will
willbecome
become
taxable
taxableor
ordeductible
deductible in
infuture
futureyears
yearsas
asaaresult
resultof
of
transactions
transactionsor
orevents
eventsthat
that already
alreadyhave
haveoccurred.
occurred.
16-3
Temporary Differences
The
The difference
difference in
in the
the rules
rules for
for computing
computing
between
between pretax
pretax accounting
accounting income
income
(according
(according to
to GAAP)
GAAP) and
and taxable
taxable income
income
(according
(according to
to the
the IRS)
IRS) often
often causes
causes
amounts
amounts to
to be
be reported
reported in
in different
different
years.
years.
This results in
temporary
differences.
16-4
Temporary Differences
Temporary
Temporary differences
differences will
will reverse
reverse
in
in one
one or
or more
more future
future periods.
periods.
Accounting Income > Taxable Income
16-5
16-6
Calculate
Calculate income
income tax
tax that
that is
is currently
currently payable:
payable: $100
$100 40%
40% == $40
$40
Calculate
Calculate change
change in
in deferred
deferred tax
tax liability:
liability: ($40
($40 40%)
40%) == $16
$16
Combine
Combine the
the two
two to
to get
get the
the income
income tax
tax expense:
expense: $40
$40 ++ $16
$16 == $56
$56
56
40
16
16-7
16-8
Deferred
Deferredtax
taxassets
assets
result
resultin
indeductible
deductible
amounts
amountsin
inthe
thefuture.
future.
Deferred
Deferredtax
taxliabilities
liabilities
result
resultin
intaxable
taxableamounts
amounts
in
inthe
thefuture.
future.
16-9
1610
Calculate
Calculate income
income tax
tax that
that is
is currently
currently payable:
payable: $92
$92 40%
40% == $36.8
$36.8
Calculate
Calculate change
change in
in deferred
deferred tax
tax liability:
liability: ($25
($25 -- $33)
$33) 40%
40% == $3.2
$3.2
Combine
Combine the
the two
two to
to get
get the
the income
income tax
tax expense:
expense: $36.8
$36.8 ++ $3.2
$3.2 == $40
$40
40.0
36.8
3.2
1611
Calculate
Calculate income
income tax
tax that
that is
is currently
currently payable:
payable: $81
$81 40%
40% == $32.4
$32.4
Calculate
Calculate change
change in
in deferred
deferred tax
tax liability:
liability: (($25
(($25 -- $44)
$44) 40%))
40%)) == $7.6
$7.6
Combine
Combine the
the two
two to
to get
get the
the income
income tax
tax expense:
expense: $32.4
$32.4 ++ $7.6
$7.6 == $40
$40
40.0
32.4
7.6
1612
Calculate
Calculate income
income tax
tax that
that is
is currently
currently payable:
payable: $110
$110 40%
40% == $44
$44
Calculate
Calculate change
change in
in deferred
deferred tax
tax liability:
liability: (($25
(($25 -- $15)
$15) 40%))
40%)) == $4
$4
Combine
Combine the
the two
two to
to get
get the
the income
income tax
tax expense:
expense: $44
$44 44 == $40
$40
40
4
44
1613
40.0
6.8
46.8
1614
1615
Calculate
Calculate income
income tax
tax that
that is
is currently
currently payable:
payable: $100
$100 40%
40% == $40
$40
Calculate
Calculate change
change in
in deferred
deferred tax
tax asset:
asset: $30
$30 40%
40% == $12
$12
Combine
Combine the
the two
two to
to get
get the
the income
income tax
tax expense:
expense: $40
$40 12
12 == $28
$28
28
12
40
1616
40
6
34
1617
Valuation Allowance
A
A valuation
valuation allowance
allowance
account
account is
is needed
needed if
if it
it is
is
more
more likely
likely than
than not
not that
that
some
some portion
portion of
of the
the deferred
deferred
tax
tax asset
asset will
will not
not be
be realized.
realized.
The
The deferred
deferred tax
tax asset
asset is
is
then
then reported
reported at
at its
its
estimated
estimated net
net realizable
realizable
value.
value.
1618
Permanent Differences
Created when an income item is included in
taxable income or accounting income but will
never be included in the computation of the other.
Example: Interest on tax-free municipal bonds is
included in accounting income but is never included
in taxable income.
1619
1620
The
1621
Future taxable
amounts
Future deductible
amounts
1622
1623
-1
Carryforward
Period
+1 +2 +3 +4 +5
Current
Year
. . . +20
The
The NOL
NOL may
may first
first be
be applied
applied against
against taxable
taxable
income
income from
from two
two previous
previous years.
years.
Unused
Unused NOL
NOL may
may be
be carried
carried forward
forward for
for 20
20
years.
years.
1624
50
50
1625
The
The carryback
carryback of
of the
the NOL
NOL must
must be
be applied
applied to
to
the
the earlier
earlier year
year first
first and
and then
then to
to the
the next
next year.
year.
Any
Any remaining
remaining NOL
NOL may
may be
be carried
carried forward.
forward.
1626
29
20
49
1627
1628
Disclosure Notes
Deferred Tax Assets and
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Total of all deferred tax liabilities.
Total of all deferred tax assets.
Total valuation allowance
recognized.
Net change in valuation account.
Approximate tax effect of each
type of temporary difference
(and carryforward).
Operating Loss
Carryforwards
Amounts.
Expiration dates.
1629
1630
1631
1632
End of Chapter 16