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  • Generators, Motors and How We Get Electricity

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    ElciElci
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    This document discusses electricity generation and provides an overview of different energy conversion methods used to produce electricity. It explains that electricity is generated by converting other energy sources, like heat, wind, or sunlight into electrical energy using devices like generators. Common conversion methods are thermal processes that convert heat to mechanical energy using turbines, and non-thermal processes like using photovoltaic cells to directly convert sunlight to electricity. The document also discusses the differences between alternating current and direct current, and how power grids globally use different frequencies of alternating current. It provides statistics on current electricity production sources and global per capita energy usage.

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    This document discusses electricity generation and provides an overview of different energy conversion methods used to produce electricity. It explains that electricity is generated by converting other energy sources, like heat, wind, or sunlight into electrical energy using devices like generators. Common conversion methods are thermal processes that convert heat to mechanical energy using turbines, and non-thermal processes like using photovoltaic cells to directly convert sunlight to electricity. The document also discusses the differences between alternating current and direct current, and how power grids globally use different frequencies of alternating current. It provides statistics on current electricity production sources and global per capita energy usage.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    11 Ansichten14 Seiten

    Generators, Motors and How We Get Electricity

    Hochgeladen von

    ElciElci
    This document discusses electricity generation and provides an overview of different energy conversion methods used to produce electricity. It explains that electricity is generated by converting other energy sources, like heat, wind, or sunlight into electrical energy using devices like generators. Common conversion methods are thermal processes that convert heat to mechanical energy using turbines, and non-thermal processes like using photovoltaic cells to directly convert sunlight to electricity. The document also discusses the differences between alternating current and direct current, and how power grids globally use different frequencies of alternating current. It provides statistics on current electricity production sources and global per capita energy usage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PPTX, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 14

    Generators, Motors and

    How We Get Electricity

    Topics

    What is electricity?
    Energy Conversion
    The Faraday Effect
    Motor vs. Generator
    AC/DC
    Energy Trends - the case for Green

    What is Electricity?
    Electricity is energy transported by
    the motion of electrons
    **We do not make electricity, we
    CONVERT other energy sources into
    electrical energy**
    Conversion is the name of the game

    Energy Conversion Options for Electricity


    Non-Thermal Paths

    SourcetoElectrical

    Source
    Converter
    Sun
    Photovoltaic(photontoelectron)
    Chemical
    FuelCell

    SourcetoPotential/KinetictoMechanicalto
    Electrical

    Source
    Dam
    Tides
    Wind

    Converter
    KinetictoMechanical MechtoElectrical
    Penstocks
    Turbine(water)
    Generator
    Machine
    Turbine(airorwater) Generator
    N/A
    Turbine(air)
    Generator

    Energy Conversion Options for Electricity


    Thermal Paths

    HeattoMechanicaltoElectrical

    Source
    HeattoMechanical
    Geothermal Turbine(vapor)
    OTEC
    Turbine(vapor)

    MechtoElectrical
    Generator
    Generator

    StoredEnergytoHeattoMechanicaltoElectrical

    Source Reactor HeattoMechanical MechtoElectrical


    Fuel Combustor Turbine(gasorvapor) Generator
    U,Pu
    Reactor
    Turbine(gasorvapor) Generator
    Sun Collector*
    Turbine(gasorvapor) Generator
    H,H2,H3Reactor
    Turbine(gasorvapor) Generator

    *Moreamodifierorconcentratorthanareactor

    Faraday Effect
    FaradayEffect

    BasicConcepts

    Voltage V Potential to Move Charge (volts)


    Current I Charge Movement (amperes or amps)
    Resistance R V = IxR (R in =ohms)
    Power P = IxV = I2xR (watts)

    Electric Motor
    Electrical
    Energy

    Mechanical
    Energy

    DC Motor

    Model Electric Motor


    Beakman Motor

    What do you need?

    1. Electric Energy
    2. Coil
    3. Magnetic Field

    Electric Generator
    Mechanical
    Energy

    Electrical
    Energy

    Stationary magnets - rotating magnets - electromagnets

    AC/DC

    (not the band)

    Alternating Current Direct Current


    Large-scale
    generators produce
    AC
    Follows sine wave
    with n cycles per
    second
    1, 2, 3-phase?
    US:120 V,60 Hz
    Europe: 240 V,50Hz
    Transforming ability

    Batteries,
    Photovoltaics, fuel
    cells, small DC
    generators
    Charge in ONE
    direction
    Negative, Positive
    terminals
    Easy conversion AC to
    DC, not DC to AC

    Generator Phases
    1 Phase 2 Phase 3 PhaseSmooth Power
    110

    Force Driving Motor (Red)

    150

    100

    50
    V( t )
    V 1( t )
    V 2( t )

    155.563

    V 3( t )

    200

    150
    50

    220
    100

    250

    200

    100

    V( t )
    110 150

    V 1( t )
    0
    0

    0.005

    0.01

    0.015

    0.02

    0.025

    0.03

    0.035
    0.033

    50

    150

    V 2( t )
    V 3( t )

    V( t )

    100

    V 1( t )
    50

    V 2( t )
    V 3( t )

    100

    110 150

    0
    0

    0.005

    0.01

    0.015

    0.02

    0.025

    0.03

    0.035

    50

    50

    0.033

    100
    110 150

    0
    0

    Single Phase

    Two Phase

    0.005

    0.01

    0.015

    0.02

    0.025

    0.03

    0.035
    0.033

    Three Phase

    Polyphase Systems 3 phases for smoother torque delivery

    Where do we get our


    Electricity?
    Fossil Coal, Natural
    Gas, Oil 550 Gigawatts
    (GW)
    Nuclear 200 GW
    Hydro 75 GW
    Geothermal 2.3 GW
    Other Renewable
    Wind, Solar, OTEC 13.6
    GW

    Energy Usage Per Capita (1999)


    9
    8

    TOE/person-year

    7
    6
    5
    4
    3
    2
    1
    0

    *TOE - Tons of Oil Equivalent (~40 Million Btus)

    Oil Resources
    Have Oil
    Saudi Arabia 26%
    Iraq
    11%
    Kuwait
    10%
    Iran
    9%
    UAE
    8%
    Venezuela
    6%
    Russia
    5%
    Libya
    3%
    Mexico
    3%
    China
    3%
    Nigeria
    2%
    U.S.
    2%

    Use Oil
    U.S.
    26%
    Japan
    7%
    China
    6%
    Germany 4%
    Canada
    4%
    Russia
    3%
    Brazil
    3%
    S. Korea 3%
    France
    3%
    India
    3%
    Mexico
    3%
    Italy
    2%

    The U.S. uses more than the next 5 highest


    consuming nations combined.

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