Ravikumar Koturwar

Rahul S Kore
Parth M Mehta

13MAC0038
13MAC0041
13MAC0048

HART
highway addressable remote transducer

n
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Why its Popular now

The HART protocol directly contributes to these
business goals by providing cost savings in:
Commissioning and installation

4
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i
t
a
mquality
Plant operations and improved
o
t
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a
Maintenance
l
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o
CmA and digital signals provide
T
Analog 420
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V
flexibility not available with any other
communication technology.

Hand Held Communicators are often used to

perform device set-up, calibration, commissioning
and periodic maintenance
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT

Improved plant operations

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o
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Operational Flexibility
Multi-master Operation?
Primary master ---- control system
Secondary master ---- A hand-held communicator or a
maintenance computer.

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Instrumentation investment protection

Wiring, analog controllers, barriers, analog or smart

instrumentation
exists widely

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The HART communication
protocol enables you to
I
V

retain your previous investments in existing hardware

and personnel.

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Digital communication
The HART protocol enhances the capabilities of digital

instruments by providing communication access and

networking

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HART Vs. Fieldbus

HART is compatible with existing wiring in older
plants.
4

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i
Hart is understood, accepted and appreciated
by
t
a
virtually everyone involved.utom
A
d
n
la

o more to implement, especially for

Fieldbus costsnatrlot
Co
existingITequipment.
V

Lot of instruments not radially available with

Fieldbus.

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT

HART specifications?

Physical form of transmission

Transaction Procedures
Message structures
Data formats

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n
a
l
roperform required operation.
Set of commandsnto
t
o
C
VIT

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT

Communication Modes of HART?

Master Slave Mode (Poll---Response Mode)

Maximum communication speed --- 2 messages/sec.

4
1
3
Configuration ---- Point-to-point or Multi-point
1
n
o
i
t
a
Master sends command (request)
,m
slave responds (replies)
o
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o
Request
C
T
I
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Repl
y
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT

Burst Mode ( Broadcast Mode)

Slave transmits messages continuously (e.g. values of a
measurand).

4
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The communication speed --- 3 message/sec.

A slave device repeatedly sends a dataamessage.

ti

m
o
t
u of a measured variable
A
Used for fast updation of the d
value
n
a
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VIT
Continuous Reply

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10

HART Signal Levels?

HART protocol specifies that master device transmit a voltage

signal whereas slave device transmits a current signal.

The current signal is converted in to corresponding voltage by a

loop load resistor(250 ohms), so all devices use voltage sensitive
receiver circuits.

4
1
3
1
waveform
n
The wave shape is sinusoidal, but trapezoidal
is
o
i
t
a
acceptable. A square wave is not acceptable.
m
o
t
u
A
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a
Master Slave Operation?
l
o
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o
C
The each message
IT transaction is originated by the master station,
V
the slave device only replies only when it receives a command
message.

The reply from the slave device acknowledges that the command
has been received and may contain data requested by the
master.
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT

11

Different HART networks?

Point-to-point Mode

Both analog and digital communications are supported.

420 mA signal is used to communicate one process variable.

4 and other
1
Additional process variables, configuration parameters,
3
1
n
device data are
o
ti
a
m
o
transferred digitally using the HART
protocol
t
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n
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Multidrop Mode

Only digital communication is supported

Requires only a single pair of wires

In case safety barriers and an auxiliary power supply for up to 15

field devices

4
1
3
1 current through
the
All field device polling addresses are >0, and
n
o
i
t
a
each device is fixed to a minimum value
m (typically 4 mA).
o
t
u
A
d
n
a
l
o
r
t
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o
C
T
I
V

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Different Groups of HART commands?

Universal : Provides functions which are implemented in all field

devices.
Examples : Read model
Read serial number
Read range
-1 4

3
1

on

i
t
Common Practice : Provides functionsacommon
to many field
m
othese functions, these
t
devices but not all. If a device uses
u
A
dperform
commands should be usedato
them.
n
l
tro (up to 4) variables
Examples o
:n
Read
C calibration check
T
I
Perform
V
Perform self-test
Device specific : Provides functions which are more or less
unique to a particular filed device .
Examples : Select 0C/0F (temperature sensor)
Tune a control parameter (control device)
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Command Summary

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Types of Frame Formats in HART protocol?

Short frame format ---- Older HART instruments(Version4) used

short frame format. In this the address of the slave device is o.

Long frame format ---- HART version 5 introduced Long frame

format. In this the address of the slave device is world wide
unique identifier.

4
1
3
1
n
It is a 38 bit number derived from the manufacturer
code.
o
i
t
a
m
o
t id no
u
It contains the device code andAdevice
d
n
a
l
o
r
Long frame format gives
t extra security against the possible
n
o
C of command meant for another device,
reception and acceptance
T
I
V interference or due to excessive cross talk
either due to external

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18

Some More Points

pass-through feature?
DD?
Interoperability?

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Wireless HART

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Introduction

Wireless HART is a wireless mesh network communication

protocol.
4

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It is designed to meet the needs for process

i automation
t
a
applications
tom

u
A
nd

afield communication protocol Version

It is a KEY part of the HART
l
o
r
t
n
7
o
C
T
I
V

Less than 10% of the installed HART instruments have a direct

communications link back to a host system.

The addition of low-cost wireless connectivity provides a pathway

for remote host systems to read process and maintenance
information from field instruments, both old and new.
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Wireless HART Network Structure

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Wireless Mesh

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Time Synchronization

i
t
a
om

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t
Report by Exception Timeand
Condition-based
u
A
d
n
Alerts
a
l
ro
t
n
o
C
VIT

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Time Stamp
synchronized clock enabling it to transmit data at the

correct time.
Used to stamp time and date

Wireless Co-existence

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Uses channel assessment

l an and short message sizes to

o
r
t
n
coexist with neighboring
networks
o
C
VIT
Wireless Diagnostics

Ensures the health of the network

Include indicators of battery

life remaining, devices 25
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT

Wireless Security
Join Key
Unique Message Integrity Code (MIC)
Message Encryption

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Loop Testing
No 4 to 20 mA signal
It checks that the process data is displayed correctly at

the host and also tests other control functions.

Wireless HART Adapterd Aut

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tr o

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New HART device

oncan be added to wired device to

C
T
I
provides wireless
Feature
V

Loop - Powered

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WIRELESS NETWORK

28

PART 2
FSK
HART signal
HART protocol
MUX

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Comparison

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CHARACTERISTICS
Simultaneously supports two communications channels.
4-20mA "analog" communications and
4
1
3
Modulated two-way "digital" communications.
n1

o
i
t
a
m
o
t
Additional process data in Multi-Variable
devices used to
u
A
d
n
improve plant operation
a
l
o
r
t
n
o
Ccan continuously publish their process data.
Field devices
T
I
V

Operators alerted to impending problems before

negative impact to the process = Real time device
diagnostics.

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FSK

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Bell 202 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) standard

to superimpose digital communication signals at a low level
on top of the 4-20mA.
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HART SIGNAL
in Physical layer

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HART allows additional information to be carried on the same pair of wires with
the 4-20 mA Analog Signal

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TWO COMMUNICATION
CHANNEL
4-20mA "Analog" Channel

n
o
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4-20mA Analog support large part

of Protocol Specifications
One-way communication of one
process value
Simple Low Pass Filter isolates 420mA signal

i
t
a
om

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HART"Digital"Channel
Compliments 4-20mA
Based on Analog Telephone Modems
Long Cable Runs
High Noise Immunity
You can "hear" HART
Two-way Communications
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Example

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Fig : Two Communication Channels

n
a
l
The following sections contain information
rothat can help you to get the most from your HART system:
t
n
o
C
VIT

Connecting a PC to a HART device or network

PC application development tools > PC configuration software
Universal handheld communicator >275 Universal
Reading HART data into non-HART systems
Commissioning HART networks > HART multidrop networks
Control system interfaces > Control in field devices
Multiplexers

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CABLE LENGTH
Theoretical Length max. 3,000
:
meter (10,000 ft)
Affected by: electrical characteristics ( mostly Capacitance)
& Combination of connected devices

C
T
I
V

l
o
r
t
on

A
d
an

n
o
i
t
a
m
ut o

4
1
1 3

TABLE: Allowable cable lengths for(#18 AWG) shield twisted pair

It is also a good idea to buy a cable designed for HART.
Belden 3105A is an example of such a cable.
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT

35

HART PROTOCOL
LAYERS

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n
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o
C
Organization of
HART
T
I
V
Specifications

Controlled by HCF
Open and Available to Anyone
Easy-to-Read Language
Consistent and well-defined terms
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i
t
a
om

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t
Protocold Structure
u
A
n
o
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T
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tr o

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LONG FRAME FORMAT

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Packet Structure

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n
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RESPONSE
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HART COMMAND 3

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General device status is always returned with COMMAND3

2 bytes of status info.
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT

42

STATUS MESSAGES ARE:

Status Messages

Field device malfunction (Bit 7)

Configuration changed (Bit 6)

Cold start (Bit 5)

More status available (Bit

l an4)

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ro
t
n
o
C
Analog output
VIT current fixed (Bit 3)

Analog output saturated (Bit 2)

Non-primary variable out of limits (Bit 1)

Primary variable out of limits (Bit 0)

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COMMAND 48

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o
C
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I
Device specificV
information is always returned with COMMAND48
25 bytes of additional status information
*Not necessary to use all the bytes Ex. Honeywell STT250 uses only first 3
bytes.

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45

can be used as primary I/O front end for a

HART-based control or monitoring system
To interface numerous
HART devices

Multiplexers

Support point-to-point
and all-digital (multidrop)

Communication between a multiplexer and

host depends on the multiplexer capabilities

t
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dA

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om

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RS232C, RS485, Modbus, TCP/IP Ethernet

n
a
ol

r
t
n
o
C
VITmultiplexer systems, the following capabilities should be
When installing HART
considered:
o Number of HART channels supported
o Number of HART channels that share a HART modem
o Burst mode support
o Multidrop support
o Method of communication with the host computer or control system
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1. PARALLEL MONITORING WITH A

MULTIPLEXER

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2. MULTIPLEXER AS THE PRIMARY I/O SYSTEM

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n
a
l
Figure: HART
as the Primary I/O System
o
rMultiplexer
t
n
o
C
T providing the human-machine interface & perform highVIhost,
PC acts as the
level functions.
Mux passes HART commands from the host computer to the field devices.
continuously monitors the field devices, reports the current readings and
instrument status to the host,
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT

48

Multiplexer refresh time > function of no. of

devices connected per channel
Refresh time = 0.8sec / device / modem

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3. CONTROL FIELD DEVICES

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o
C
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V Figure: Transmitter with PID (HART Slave)

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Wireless HART
vs. Bluetooth
vs. Zigbee
Range

i
t
a
om

4
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t
Data security = Reliable umessage
delivery
A
d
n
la

o
Industrial grade
= Industry acceptance
ntrrobustness
o
C
IT

V
Reliability.

*No HART device use Bluetooth connectivity with

data load.

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ZigBee

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>n
Entire network shares same static channel
No frequency diversity
a
l
osusceptible to interference with wireless LAN
r
t
Static
Channel
also
n

o
C
Tit susceptible to both intended and unintended jamming
I
V
Makes

Can stop entire network communication

Wireless HART

Designed from start for robust and secure Communication

Network works 24*7 > no option to turn it completely off
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52

Comparison at layer
level

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Versions

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PART 3

Industry Apps

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n
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Reading HART Data into

Non-HART Systems
Many HART products are able to perform more than 4
one
1
3
measurement or
1

n
o
i
t
output function (e.g., make multiple process
a
m
o
measurements, calculate
t
u
A positioner feedback
d
process information, and provide
n
a
information). All of trol
n
o
this information can
be
easily accessed digitally. However,
C
T
VI
existing
controllers or interface equipment may not have the ability
to read digital
HART data. Products are available that can read HART digital
signals and
convert them to analog or contact information, which
enables any
traditional analog/digital I/O to
fullSELECT
advantage of the
VIT take
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57

The Tri-Loop module

monitors a HART loop for a bursting

message and
converts three of the four possible variables in HART communicator.

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The site programmable alarm

( SPA )module continuously communicates with any HARTcapable
device and provides contact closure outputs (alarm trips)
based on the
information received (Figure 14). For example, the SPA can be
configured to monitor the device-status information inherent in
the HART communication protocol and trigger events such as
local on/off applications or alarms. The SPA can also initiate
emergency shutdown action if problems are detected with a
field device in critical loop applications

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o
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Industrial Application
Many companies in a wide variety of industries have already
realized the advantages of using the HART communication
4in detail and
1
protocol. This section describes some applications
3
1
outlines the tangible benefits that result.tion

a
m
o
ut

The applications have been grouped

nd A into the following sections:

a
l
o
r
t
n
Inventory-management
applications
o
C
VIT
Cost-saving applications

Remote-operation applications
Open-architecture applications
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60

Inventory-Management
Applications
Accurate measurements for inventory management are essential
in all industries. The HART communication protocol enables
companies to make sure inventory management 3is-1as4 efficient,
1
n
o
accurate, and low cost as possible.
ti

a
m
o
ut

A
Tank level and inventory management
is an ideal application for a
d
n
a. The HART network digital update
l
o
HART multidrop network
r
t
n
o
C
rate of two PVs
per
second is sufficient for many tank-level
T
I
V
applications. A multidrop network provides significant
installation savings by reducing the amount of wiring from the
field to the control room as well as the number of I/O channels
required.
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n
o
C
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UNDERGROUND PETROLEUM
STORAGE WITH HART
COMMUNICATION FOR ACCURACY
Underground salt caverns are frequently used for
4
1
3
crude oil storage. One customer pumps
oil from
1

n
ioultrasonic
t
barges into the storage caverns.aAn
m
o
t
flow-meter records theAtotal
flow. To get the oil
u
nd solution is pumped into
out of the caverns, al brine
a
o
r
t
n
the cavern through
a magnetic flow-meter. Brine and
o
C
crude oil flowing
in both directions are measured and
VIT
reported to the DCS using the HART communication
protocol for accuracy.

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Cost-saving applications
A Texas wastewater treatment plant replaced stand-alone
flow meters and chart recorder outstations that
required
4
1
- HART3
1

daily visits for totalization with a HART

system.
n
o
i
t
a multidropped into
based magnetic flow meters were
m
o
t
u
HART RTUs to createdaAcost-effective SCADA
n
a
l
network. The use
of HART technology reduced system
o
r
t
n
o
and cableT costs,
enhanced measurement accuracy, and
C
VI time-consuming analog calibration
eliminated
procedures

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A consumer appliance manufacturer used the networking

capability of the HART protocol to ensure level, flow, and
pressure HART multidrop provided substantial4 wiring
1
3
and installation savings as well as digitalnaccuracy
with
1
o
i and digital to
t
a
the elimination of the analog to digital
(A/D)
m
o
t
u
analog (D/A) conversions of
the
instrument and PLC I/O.
A
d
n
a
l
Figure shows pressure
transmitters connected to a PLC via
o
r
t
n
o
smart transmitter
T C interface multiplexers.

VI

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Remote-Operation
Applications
Choosing the HART communication protocol for all-digital
communication
4 real1
in a wide-area network enabled one company to
have
3
1
n
time monitoring
o
i
t
a
and control, access to diagnostics,
and maintenance
m
o
t
u
capabilitiesall from a
A
d
n
a
remote location.
ol

r
t
n
o
C
VIT

Each platforms RTU provided a link to approximately 50

temperature,
pressure, and flow transmitters. The RTU used the multimaster
capability of the HART protocol to enable the second RTU to act
as a hot
standby, which monitored activity and was able to take over if a
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In a Venezuela gas-lift project, HART multidrop

technology was used for remote operation of offshore
gas-lift production wells at considerable savings:
30% decrease in installation costs
16:1 reduction of input modules mati

o
t
u
dA

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Reduced cost of I/O lcards

an in the RTU

ro
t
n
o
C
RemoteVre-ranging
IT

Remote access to the transmitter status for improved

process uptime

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Open-Architecture
Applications
The best way to judge the openness of a
communication protocol is by the
number of products supported. By this standard, the
4
1
HART protocol is
3
1

n
o
perhaps the most open of any field-communication
protocol
i
t
a
m
available
o
t
u
A
today.
nd

a
l
o
r
t
n
o
C
IT
major V
refinery
expansion,

In a
an oil company weighed the
advantages of
using either a proprietary system or a HART-based system.
The results
indicated that the company could use HART digital
instruments in 92% of
their applications, compared to only 33% with the proprietary
system.
72
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Intrinsic Safety
Intrinsic safety (IS) is a method of providing safe operation of electronic
process-control instrumentation in hazardous areas. IS systems keep the
available electrical energy in the system low enough that ignition of the
4wiring is
hazardous atmosphere cannot occur. No single field device or
1
3
1 self-contained
intrinsically safe by itself (except for battery-operated,
n
o
ti in a properly
a
devices), but is intrinsically safe only whenm
employed
o
t
u
designed IS system.
A

d
n
a
ol

r work well in applications that require IS

t
HART-communicating devices
n
o
C
operation. IS devices
(e.g.,
barriers) are often used with traditional
IT
V
two-wire 420 mA instruments to ensure an IS system in hazardous areas.
With traditional analog instrumentation, energy to the field can be limited
with or without a ground connection by installing one of the following IS
devices
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Shunt-diode (Zener) barriers that use a high-quality safety ground

connection to bypass excess energy
Isolators, which do not require a ground connection, that repeat the
analog measurement signal across an isolated interface in the safe-side
load circuit Both Zener barriers and isolators

n
o
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When designing an IS loop using shunt-diode barriers,

two additional
requirements must be considered:
1. The power supply must be reduced by an
4
1
additional 0.7 V to allow
3
1
n
o
i
headroom for the HART communication
signal and yet
t
a
m
o
t
not approach
u
A
d
n
the Zener barrier conduction
voltage.
a
l

ro
t
n
o
C
IT
2. The load Vresistor
must be at least 230 (typically
250 ).

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CONCLUDE
HART is a backward compatible enhancement to 420mA instrumentation that allows two way
communication with smart, microprocessor-based
4
1
field devices.
3
1

n
o
i
t
aof Control
m
Continuously Validate Integrity
o
t
u
A
Information
Ensured accuracy
of system data/
n
a
l
Automatically detect
any deviation between
o
r
t
n
o
device andCsystem
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Continuous Real Time Diagnostics
Device Problems/ Loop Current Faults
Device Needs Maintenance

Unlock additional information in Multi-Variable

devices
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Wireless HART is designed based on a set of fundamental requirements: it must be simple (e.g., easy to
use and deploy)

i
t
a
om

Self-organizing and self-healing.

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u
flexible (e.g., support ddifferent
applications)
A
n
a
l
tr o

Scalable (i.e.,
on fit both small and large plants)

C
T
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Reliable, secure, and support existing HART

technology (e.g., HART commands, configuration
tools, etc.)

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Ravikumar Koturwar
Rahul S Kore
Parth M Mehta

13MAC0038
13MAC0041
13MAC0048

Questions??

HART