Group name :

Muna Adam Ali

Muna Abdurrahman Abdullahi
Nimco Abdurrahman Dahir
Siciida Abdirasaq Ahmed
Sahra Mohamed Farah

Intelligence

HUMAN INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence:

capacity of mind
especially to understand principles
truths facts or meaning , acquire
knowledge and apply it to practice the
ability to learn.
The

ability to think quickly , mental

cleverness , especially under short time
constraint.
combination

of skills.

Historical overview of intelligence

1. Sir Francis Galton( 1822- 1911)
Defined intelligence to be unitary trait.
2. Alfred Binet ( 1857- 1911)
He came up with the concept of mental age .
3. William stern ( 1871- 1938)
He developed the formula of measuring the
intelligence. IQ = M.A/ C.A* 100
4.David wechsler ( 1896- 1981)
He developed different IQ scales. ( verbal scale ,
performance scale ,full scale.)

Components of intelligence
There are three major components of intelligence:
first: ability to solve problem .
second: verbal ability where thought to
exemplify intelligence.
finally : social competence , the ability to show
interests in others and interact effictively with
them was viewed as indicating intelligence.

Aspects of intelligence
There are three major aspects to intelligence:
1. Componential : aspects focuses on mental
components involved in analyzing information to
solve problem.
2. Experiential : aspects focuses on how a persons prior
experience affect intelligence.
3. Contextual : aspects of intelligence takes into account
how successful people and in fact the demands of their
every day environment.

Types intelligence

Multiple intelligence
1.

2.

3.
4.

Verbal intelligence: the capacity to use

language to express whats on your mind to
understand other people.
Logical intelligence: the ability to understand
the underlying principle of some kind of
causal system.
Visual intelligence : the ability to present the
spatial world internally in your mind.
Musical intelligence: skills in tasks involving
music.

con.
5. Body intelligence: the capacity to use your whole or part
of your body, to solve problem , to make some thing , or
put on production.
6. Neutralist: the ability to discriminate among living things.
7. Intrapersonal intelligence: having an understanding your
self , of knowing who are you, what you can do e.t.c.
8.Interpersonal intelligence: the ability to understand other
people.
9. Existential intelligence: to exhibit proclivity to pose and
ponder questions about life.

Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (or AI) is
both the intelligence
of machines and the branch of
computer science.

the study and design of intelligent

agents"or "rational agents", where
an intelligent agent is a system that
perceives its environment and takes
actions which maximize its chances
of success.

Animal intelligence
Dolphins are extremely
social animals.
they have their own language
to communicate.

Gorillas & Chimpanzees:

The impressive intellectual
abilities of these animals
have long fascinated humans.

Factors affecting intelligence

1.
.

Heredity factors
Heritability : a measure of the degree to which
characteristics is related to genetic, inherited factors, as
opposed to environmental factors.

Heredity affects intelligence 50%.

The closer the genetic link between the people , the greater
the correspondence of IQ score.

Genetic factors play major role in determining racial

difference in IQ .

Con.
2. Environmental factor
environment provides for the maturation and training

of the organism.

environment affects intelligence 50%.

During an individuals life time variation in I.Q. is
due to environment, since the heredity cannot change.
environment determine actual level.

Heredity and environment

Con.
other factors that influence intelligence are:
1.Culture.
2. age.
3. sex.
4. Social and economic condition.
5. Educational opportunity.

Part two

IQ and you
Variation of intelligence
individual differences is a general phenomenon in
all organisms.

variation and differentiation between individuals

gave meaning to the life.

Variation Make individual differences in

determining the importance and functions of
individuals.

Measurement of intelligence
An intelligence quotient, or IQ, is a score derived from one
of several standardized tests designed to assess intelligence.
The abbreviation "IQ" comes from the German term
Intelligenz-Quotient, originally coined by psychologist
William Stern.
IQ score = M.A/C.A *100
Note : M.A: mental age
C.A: chronological age
MA = 8, CA = 8, MA/CA = 8/8*100 =100
MA = 10, CA = 8 M.A/C.A= 10/8*100 = 1.25
MA = 6, CA = 8 M.A/C.A= 6/8*100 = 0.75

Intelligence test

1.

Intelligence tests are developed to measure:

Aptitude
What

2.

a person can accomplish with training.

Or : Achievement
What

a person knows.

IQ test

the test is administered orally.

It consist of series of items that vary in nature
according to the age of a person being tested.
An examiner begins by finding a mental age
level at which person able to answer all questions
correctly.
Then the examiner moves on to successively
difficult problems .
when mental age level reached at which no items
can be answered this means the test is over.

Distribution of Intelligence

creativity
to see what the others do not see.

to see familiar things as unfamiliar

manner.

To organize ideas and to appear it

as new building.

creative is enormous mental

energy , innate in essence .

it is the ability to solve problems

in new ways.

Mental retardation
mental retardation occurs in 1 to 3

percent of the people.

mental retardation exist when

there is significantly sub average
intellectual functioning .

limitation of two or more of the

skill areas of communication ,e.g.
self care , social skills.

Con.
majority of cases of mental retardation are

classified as familiar retardation.

the most common biological cause is Downs

Syndrome.

moderate retardation ( IQs of 40- 54) , severe

retardation ( IQs of 25- 39) , and profound
retardation ( IQs of below 25) .

Signs and symptoms of mental retardation

delays in oral language development.

deficits in memory skills.

difficult learning social rules.

delays in development of adaptive behavior

such as self help or self care.

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you