Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
RIVERS
By
SHIVAKUMAR. S. S
VIII SEM
S. J. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
11
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
NEED FOR INTERLINKING OF RIVERS
CONCEPT OF INTERLINKING OF RIVERS
NATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
CASE STUDY OF BIHAR
EXISTING INTER BASIN PROJECTS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION
Interlinking of rivers literally means joining of natural
channels.
Diversion of river waters for cultivation of crops has
been taking place from historical times. The earliest
of diversion by anicuts have taken place in South
India from the time of the Chola Kings.
India has a vast geographical area of 329 mha. Its
water resources are unevenly distributed in time and
space.
33
4 4
REQUIREMENT OF WATER
PURPOSE OF USE
Irrigation
Domestic water supply and live stock
Agriculture
Industry
64
Energy
50
Total
1,864
5 5
CATCHMENT AREA IN
mha
Ganga-BrahmaputraMeghna
110
Indus
32.1
Godavari
31.3
Krishna
25.9
Mahanadi
14.2
7 7
CONCEPT OF INTERLINKING
The concept of interlinking of rivers evolved during
1950S. At that time, the UN promoted such projects as
part of Stability and Peace.
Many countries, after gaining independence from
colonial powers wanted to express their national
confidence through such major projects. The
interlinking of Indian rivers proposal originated at the
same time as the world became fascinated with large
water infrastructure projects.
10 10
INTER-BASIN WATER
TRANSFER
11 11
INTRA-BASIN WATER
TRANSFER
INTER-BASIN WATER
TRANSFER
12 12
13 13
14
15 15
2.
Jogighopa-Tista-Farakka link,
3.
Ganga-Damodar-Subernarekha link,
4.
Subernarekha-Mahanadi link,
5.
Farakka-Sunderbans link,
6.
Gandak-Ganga link,
7.
8.
Sarda-Yamuna link,
9.
Yamuna-Rajasthan link,
10.
Rajasthan-Sabarmati link,
11.
12.
13.
14.
Kosi-Mechi link
16 16
Peninsular Components
1.
Mahanadi-Godavari Link
2.
Inchampalli-Nagarjunasagar Link
3.
4.
5.
Almatti-Pennar Link
6.
Srisailam-Pennar Link
7.
Nagarjunasagar-Somasila Link
8.
9.
Kattalai-Vaigai-Gundar Link
10.
Pamba-Achankovil-Vaippar Link
11.
Bedti-Varada Link
12.
Netravati-Hemavati Link
13.
Damanganga-Pinjal Link
14.
Par-Tapi-Narmada Link
15.
Ken-Betwa Link
16.
Parbati-Kalisindh-Chambal Link
17 17
HEIGHT
(m)
SUBMERGENCE
(ha)
FOREST
CULTIVATED
LAND
POPULATION
AFFECTED
MANIBHADRA
49
9,828
9,500
79,000
INCHAMPALLI
41
21,734
37,782
1,00,080
POLAVARAM
23
3,887
43,158
1,09,087
18 18
19 19
20 20
21 21
(i)
Hydro meteorological
22 22
(ii)Hydrological
On an average, more than 60% of the aggregate
catchments areas of north Bihar Rivers lie in high
precipitation region outside north Bihar, mostly in Nepal.
(iii)Topographical
Catchments of north Bihar rivers undergo a very
large and sharp change in gradients from very steep in
the mountainous (Mt. Everest lies in these catchments)
to steep in the sub-mountainous parts to extremely
mild in the north Bihar plains through a relatively short
stretch of 300 Km.
23 23
(iv) Hydraulic
When high flows resulting from run-off transformation
of seasonally concentrated precipitation in higher precipitation
upper catchments areas travel from steep gradients and
encounter mild gradients downstream, they exceed the
conveyance capacities of rivers in their lower reaches. So
they spill over the banks and inundate the flood plains, using
them as temporary dynamic storage.
(v) Demographic
As the inundated flood plains support habitation,
agriculture and other activities of a high-density population,
floods cause recurrent disruption, damages and devastations on
a large, attracting national attention. This is also linked by other
facts and situations.
24 24
25 25
Pitfalls
26 26
CONCLUSION
The foreign schemes give confidence for planning inter-basin
water transfer schemes in India. At the same time, lessons have
to be learnt from their actual performance, economic viability
and environmental suitability.
The envisaged benefits to water-deficit regions of the country
through interlinking of rivers and also solution for problems such
as flood as seen from case study of Bihar should be assessed and
analysed in terms of economic, environmental and ecological as
well as social cost involved and finding options and alternatives
in the context.
The conceptual, technological and economic aspects
interlinking need comprehensive examination and analysis.
of
27 27
REFERENCES
1.
Prasad. T,(2004), Interlinking of rivers for inter basin transfer. Economic and
political weekly ;March 20th,2004
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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