UNIDAD II

ANALISIS
VIBRACIONAL
DIAGNSTICO DE RODAMIENTOS

Shock pulse measurement

k (t) - Method
Spike Energy Value
BCU - Value
Kurtosis Factor
gSE - Value
SEE - Value
Acceleration - Crest Factor

BUT:
Normalising
Alarm Levels
Gradient of trend
developement
is necessary for evaluation
of rolling bearing condition:

Start values ?
Alarm levels ?
Trend developement ?

?
?
TIME

?
X

ZEIT

Gradient of
trend
development ?

dBs

90
dBn

ideal
measurement
dBm
dBc

dB

-9

dBsv = absolute shock pulse valuedBn =

normalised shock pulse value

dBi = initial value

Basic value of the
normalised shock pulse values
determined through RPM
and diameter of the bearing

dBsv

90

dBn

measurement
location with
signal damping
dBm

dBc
dBia
0
-9

dBia = adjusted inital value

signal damping of real
measurement location
influencing factors like
load condition lubrication
and bearing type

Freqquency range of the

modulated carrier frequencies

Filter 1

Filter 2

Broad band acceleration spectra:

Natural frequencies of bearing

pieces
Resonance frequency accelerometer
Bearing rolling noise

Filtered broad band spectrum:

Envelop espectrum:
A

filtered rectified
time signal:
A

Filtered broad band spectrum:

filtered rectified time signal:

envelope spectrum:
A

modulated frequency range

suppressed by wrong filter setting
Defect frequencies completely
suppressed by the filter

modulated frequencies amplified

through right filter setting
good visibility of the defect
frequencies

Bearing geometrie and

defect frequencies:

Contact Angle
DR Rolling
element diameter
d mBearing pitch
diameter
NNumber of rolling
elements in one row
nShaft speed in
RPM

Rolling element pass outer race freq.: f RPOF

= ( 1 -cos )
Rolling element pass inner race freq.:f RPIF
= ( 1 +cos )
Rolling element pass freq.:fRPF =
cos2 )
Cage rotational frequency:
( 1 -cos )

(1-

fCRF =

1 - Outer race
defect
2 - Inner race
defect
3 - Rolling
element defect
4 - Cage defect

Example Pass frequencies:

Ball bearing SKF 6211
Speed n = 2998 Rev/min
Dimensions

Defect frequencies

dm =77,50 mm

fRPOF= n / 60 4,0781 = 203,77 Hz

DR =14,29 mm

fRPIF= n / 60 5,9220 = 295,90 Hz

N=10

fRPF = n / 60 5,2390 = 261,77 Hz

=0

fCRF = n / 60 0,4079 = 20,38 Hz

No rolling track defect:

TIME SIGNAL

ENVELOPE

F (HZ)

Rolling track defect:

TIME SIGNAL

ENVELOPE

T (seg)

ENVELOPE SPECTRUM

Frpof 2*Frpof 3*Frpof 4*Frpof

fRPOF=1/Trpof

Defect frequency

F (HZ)

a).- Outer Race Defect:

Envelope Sectrum:
a in
m/s

fRPOF 2xfRPOF 3xfRPOF4xfRPOF5xfRPOF 6xfRPOF

f in
Hz

Rolling element pass outer race fRFOF and

Harmonics clearly visible
if only 1xfRPOF appears, then it can be also
an unround
deformation of the outer race
in case of very big unbalance, side bands
with interval fnappear because of periodic
load changes
(in the load zone modulation with fn as the
unbalance runs
periodically through the load zone)

b).- Inner Race Defect:

a in
m/s

Envelope Spectrum:

fRPIF

2xfRPIF

f in Hz

Rolling element pass inner race

frequency fRPIF
and many side bands with interval fn

Modulated with the fundamental

frequency fn , as
the inner race defect runs periodically
through the load zone with fn
Fundamental modulation frequency
f and harmonics are visible

c) Rolling element defect:

Envelope Spectrum:
a in
m/s

0,5fRPF

fRPF 1,5fRPF 2fRPF 1,5fRPF 3fRPF

f in Hz

Rolling element pass frequency fRPF with

Harmonics and
with interval fCRF
fRPF can be also visible because of too small bearing
clearance or insufficient lubrication
Modulation with cage rotational speed fCRF, as the
rolling element runs periodically through the load
zone with fCRF
Subharmonics of fRPF exist always with the
harmonics, because theFundamental modulation
frequency fCRF and harmonics are visible

d).- Cage Defect:

Envelope Spectrum:
a in
m/s

fCRF 2fCRF 3fCRF 4fCRF

f in Hz

Cage rotational frequency fCRF and

Harmonics visible
fCRF Cage rotational frequency is Cage defect
frequency
coming out of the load zone: the rolling
element
is accelerated and slides on the cage defect
or coming into the load zone: the rolling
element is braked and slides on the cage defect