RAMAN AMPLIFIER

MEENAKSHI
ME (13-713)
Dept. of Electronics and Communication
Engineering
UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
OPTICAL AMPLIFIER
RAMAN AMPLIFIER
NEED OF OPTICAL AMPLIFICATION
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
TYPES OF AMPLIFIER
DRA
RAMAN GAIN IN FIBER AND BANDWIDTH
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSIONS

OPTICAL AMPLIFIER
An optical amplifier is a device which amplifies the

optical signal directly without ever changing it to

electricity. The light itself is amplified.
It operate solely in the optical domain with no interconversion of photons to electrons
It can be placed at intervals along a fiber link to
provide linear amplification.
It provides larger amplification bandwidth (several
thousands GHz) and speed bottlenecks from
electronics are removed .
It amplify multiple optical inputs at different
wavelengths simultaneously (WDM).

INTRODUCTION
Raman Amplifier was demonstrated in the 1980.

Unavailability of high-power diode laser pump

source makes it need evident.

It amplify signals from 1270 to 1670 nm
Any optical fiber can serve as the amplifying
medium
Raman process itself provides high-power laser.
Disadvantage: Cross-talk

NEED OF OPTICAL
AMPLIFICATION
Typical fiber loss around 1.5 um is 0.2 dB , SNR is
low and BER is high.
The Optical to Electrical to Optical conversion
require costly electronics but it operates in optical
domain.
It can be placed at intervals along a fiber link &
provide better performance over regenerative
repeaters which require optoelectronic devices
and electronic circuits.
larger amplification bandwidth (several
thousands GHz)
Speed bottlenecks from electronics are removed &
amplify multiple optical inputs at different

RAMAN AMPLIFIER

OPERATING PRINCIPLE
RA is based on Stimulated Raman Scattering.
Variable wavelength amplification, depends on
pump wavelength. For example pumping at 1500
nm produces gain at about 1560-1570 nm

TYPES OF RAMAN
AMPLIFIER
Raman Amplifier uses intrinsic property of silica
fiber which itself combats Signal loss, it uses
non linearity nature of fiber.
Raman Amplifier are of two types:
(1). Distributed Raman Amplifier
(2). Discrete Raman Amplifier (Lumped)

DRA
In DRA, optical fiber itself is used as

amplification medium.
Pumping is done with a high power pump
laser injected at fiber end & amplify the
signal.
It is useful in compensating losses.

RAMAN GAIN IN FIBER AND

BANDWIDTH

CONTD.
It depends mainly on optical frequency

and also on pump frequency.

There is a max. Raman gain for a
frequency offset of 13.2 THz & the usable
gain BW is 48 nm.

ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
Variable Wavelength amplification possible.
Compatible with Single Mode fiber stokes
wave.
Help to realize longer transmission distance.
Bandwidth is large.
Disadvantages
High pump power requirements.
Sophisticated Gain control needed.
Noise is also an issue.

FUTURE SCOPE &

CONCLUSIONS
Cost effective use of available bandwidth by

sophisticated combination OAs of different

vendors and manufacturers. Bandwidth and
Length .200 to 400 nm bandwidth amplifiers are
possible.
High-power laser sources are available by Raman
process itself.
Raman, EDFA combination gives a real life
applications.
New fiber lasers and gratings make it practical
System with Terabits of capacity are possible .

THANK YOU!!