G&U S SetBU27

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Unit 27 Conditional sentences
Grammar & Usage
Grammar & Usage

27.1 Zero conditional
27.2 First conditional
27.3 Second conditional
27.4 Third conditional
27.5 Other conditional expressions
Grammar Practice
Part A
Part B
Part C
Part D
Part F
Part G
Language Practice
Part H
Part I
Part A
Part E
Part B
http://www.aristo.com.hk
Grammar & Usage
27.1 Zero conditional

when it is used
We use zero conditional to talk about
general truths
If we eat contaminated food, we become ill.
If we dont feel well, we see a doctor.
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Grammar & Usage
scientific facts
If we heat water to 100C, it boils.
imperatives
If you dont feel well, see a doctor.
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Grammar & Usage
how it is formed
if-clause
main clause (result clause)
present simple
present simple
If you dont water plants, they die.
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Grammar & Usage
27.2 First conditional

when it is used
We use first or type 1 conditional to talk about things
which may be true in the present, or which may happen in
the future.
If it rains tomorrow morning, we will cancel the
picnic.
If you are hungry now, I will make you some
pancakes.
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Grammar & Usage
how it is formed
if-clause
present simple
will + bare infinitive
If you want to read the book, I will lend it to you.
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Grammar & Usage
We use can/may in the main clause instead of will

for permission:
You can/may borrow my camera if you
want to take some photographs.
or, may/might/could for possibility:
If the No.3 typhoon signal is hoisted
tomorrow morning, the ferry services
may/might/could be suspended.
or, can/could for ability:
If you work hard, you can/could learn to
Teachers notes
notes
use the computer in no time. Teachers
P.226
Grammar & Usage
We can use the present perfect or present

continuous in the if-clause.
If it has stopped raining, we can go out
now.
If you are having dinner now, Ill call again
later.
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Grammar & Usage
We can use should in the if-clause if we are less

Teachers notes
notes
sure about a possibility. Teachers
I dont think Sally is going to the party this
evening, but if I should see her, Ill give
her your message.
When we use should, we can omit if and begin the
clause with should.
Should I see her at the party, Ill give her
your message.
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10
Grammar & Usage
We can use would in the if-clause to make a request.

If you would wait a minute, Ill have the
present wrapped for you.
(=if you wouldnt mind waiting/if you could
wait)
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12
Grammar & Usage
We can also use any expressions that give advice or

suggestions, or make a request in the main clause.
youd better see a doctor.
you should stay in bed.
If you dont feel well,
you ought not to be working

now.
why dont you take a day
off?
would you like me to call the
doctor?
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13
Grammar & Usage
Reminder
We use the present simple tense in the if-clause
when talking about the future.
If you go to the book fair tomorrow, you may
see the novelist. Shell be there promoting her
new book.
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14
Grammar & Usage
27.3 Second conditional

when it is used
We use the second or type 2 conditional to talk about
something which is not true or not real in the future.
If I had a car, I would take you for a ride around
town.
(= I dont have a car)
If he knew, we would ask him.
(= he doesnt know)
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15
Grammar & Usage
how it is formed
if-clause
past simple
would + bare infinitive
If I had time, I would help you.

(= Im busy so I cant help you at the moment)
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16
Grammar & Usage
We can use the past continuous tense in the

if-clause.
My uncle and aunt are taking me to
Ocean Park tomorrow.
If I were not going with them, I would be
glad to go with you.
We can use might/could in the main clause to talk

about possible results or possible abilities.
If you asked him, he might help you.
If you told me, I could give you some
advice.
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17
Grammar & Usage
We can use would + be + -ing for what could

have happened.
If he were here now, we would be playing
TV games.
(= hes not here)
We always use were in the if-clause in formal writing

and speech.
If the weather were fine today, wed go to
the beach.
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18
Grammar & Usage
In less formal contexts, we can use was with I, he,

she, it, etc.
If I wasnt so tired, Id go with you.
We often use if I were you to give advice, and if
you were me to ask for advice.
If I were you, Id think twice before I
accept.
If you were me, would you take his offer?
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19
Grammar & Usage
27.4 Third conditional

when it is used
We use the third or type 3 conditional to talk about
something which did not happen in the past.
The weather suddenly turned bad yesterday. If
we had gone out, we would have been caught
in the heavy rain.
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20
Grammar & Usage
The third conditional is often used to express regret.

If I had invested in the company when I had
the opportunity, I would have made a lot of
money.
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21
Grammar & Usage
how it is formed
if-clause
past perfect
would + have + past participle
If we had taken the earlier ferry, we would not

have been delayed.
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22
Grammar & Usage
We can use the past perfect continuous in the if-clause.

The driver was driving too fast. If he had been
driving slowly, he would have been able to
stop in time.
We can use might/could + have + past participle in the
main clause.
If you had come earlier, you might have seen
him.
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23
Grammar & Usage
We can omit if and put had at the beginning of the

clause. This is a formal structure and is more common in
writing.
Had the government taken measures in time,
such problems would not have occurred.
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24
Grammar & Usage
27.5 Other conditional expressions

unless (= if not)
Unless we hurry, well miss our

plane. (= If we dont hurry ...)
otherwise
You must rest. Otherwise, youll

be tired.
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25
Grammar & Usage
as/so long as,

provided/providing
that, on condition that
You can borrow my camera as

long as/so long as/provided/
providing that/on condition that
you look after it carefully.
even if/though
She wont tell us, even if/though

she knows.
and/or (else)
Take your medication and youll

be better tomorrow.
Hurry up or/or else youll be late.
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26
(Lets) suppose,
supposing, imagine,
what if
Grammar & Usage
Lets suppose/Supposing it
rained tomorrow. What would
we do?
Imagine you had a lot of money.
What would you do with it?
What if she told you the truth?
Would you forgive her?
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27
if it were not,
had it not been for
without
Grammar & Usage
If it were not for her, I would not

have done so well.
Had it not been for her, I would
have done so well.
Without your help, I would have

struggled.
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28
if so, if not
Grammar & Usage
Do you want to read this novel?

If so (= if you do), you can have
it. If not (= if you dont), Ill lend it
to Melinda.
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29
Grammar & Usage
Grammar Practice
Complete the following sentences using the phrases from the
box below. Each phrase can be used ONCE only. The first
one has been done for you.
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30
Grammar & Usage
go to bed early.
If I have school the next day, I usually _________________
________________________________________________
take good care of them.

Things last longer if you ____________________________
________________________________________________
dont clean them properly.

Our teeth rot if we _________________________________
________________________________________________
they die.
If plants dont get enough water, _____________________
________________________________________________
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BOX
31
Grammar & Usage
floods its banks.

If it rains heavily, the river __________________________
________________________________________________
work in the sun.

We tire easily if we ________________________________
________________________________________________
use up more calories.

If we do heavy work, we ____________________________
________________________________________________
they are trained.

Some animals can perform tricks if ___________________
________________________________________________
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BOX
33
Grammar & Usage
it growls.
If a dog is angry, __________________________________
________________________________________________
if its very hot and sunny.

10 We wear a hat __________________________________
________________________________________________
P.230
BOX
35
Grammar & Usage
Complete the following dialogues, using the given words.

The first one has been done for you.
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37
Grammar & Usage
she/not/make it
Sophie
Shall I invite Sarah?
Lauren I think shed love to come. Shell be disappointed if

she cant make it
__________________________
.
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38
Grammar & Usage
you/finish/homework
Tony
Can I watch television?
Mum
youve/you have finished your

Yes, if __________________________________
homework
_______________________________________
.
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39
Grammar & Usage
you/still/use
Ruth
Im sorry, I didnt know you still needed the

dictionary.
Lily
Thats okay. I can check this later if __________

youre/you are still using
________________________________________
it.
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40
Grammar & Usage
anyone/call
Jessie
Are you going out?
Alan
anyone calls
Yes. If __________________________________
while Im out, please would you let them know Ill
be back by five?
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41
Grammar & Usage
you/find
Maggie Id like to know more about package tours to
Phuket. Where would I find out about this?
Bruce
youll/
If you go to a travel agent, _______________
you will find
___________________________
all the information
you need.
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42
Grammar & Usage
weather/fine
Mike
Are you going anywhere tomorrow?
Lilian
the
Yes, were going to Lantau Island if __________
weathers/weather is fine
_______________________________________
.
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43
Grammar & Usage
he/not/call you back

Jill
I left a message on Johns voicemail. I wonder

if hes got it yet?
Ted
he doesnt/does not call you back

If _____________________________________
,
why dont you call him again?
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44
Grammar & Usage
you/had better/take
Kate
Its almost six. I must run or Ill be late for dinner.
Helen
youd/you had
If youre in a hurry, _______________________
better take
________________________
a taxi.
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45
Grammar & Usage
Match the half-sentences in Column A with those in

Column B. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Use
each letter ONCE only. The first one has been done for you.
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46
Grammar & Usage
Column A
1
If you have a fever,
D
_________
Ask him to wait
E
_________
You can come with me
F
_________
Maintain a healthy lifestyle
B
_________
If you need anything,
H
_________
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COLUMN B
47
Grammar & Usage
Column A
6
Ill leave my belongings here
A
_________
If shes busy,
G
_________
You mustnt use a lift
C
_________
P.231
COLUMN B
49
Grammar & Usage
Read the information below, then complete each short

dialogue by choosing the correct words. The first one has been
done for you.
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51
Grammar & Usage
Mr Wong
Im going to buy a car.
Mr Chan
Lucky you! If I
have/had
had
__________________
the money, I would buy
one myself.
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52
Doris
Grammar & Usage
What do you think of these
arent/werent
shoes?
Samantha
Theyre beautiful. Id buy

werent
them if they ____________
so expensive.
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53
Grammar & Usage
Roy
We havent heard from

Alison since she left. I miss
her a lot.
William
would write
So do I. I _______________
am going to write/
would write
to her if I had her new email

address.
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54
Sam
Grammar & Usage
Do you think I should take

up the place to study law?
Chris
had offered/
were offered
were
Definitely! If I ___________
offered
_______________
such an
opportunity, Id take it
without hesitation.
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55
Molly
Grammar & Usage
Whats your brother doing

today?
Carla
Hes at home reading.
Molly
If I were your brother, I
wont stay/
wouldnt be staying
wouldnt be staying
______________________
at home on such a fine day.
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56
Robert
Grammar & Usage
Good morning. Im Robert

Choi. Mr Lau is expecting
you should follow/

you follow
me.
you
Receptionist Yes,
Mr Choi. If _________
follow
________________ me, Ill
take you to Mr Laus office.
Robert
Thanks.
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57
Susan
Grammar & Usage
Why isnt Kate staying at

her aunts house?
Kitty
was staying/
would be staying
Kates staying with a friend.

If she werent, she _______
would be staying
______________________
with her aunt instead.
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58
Tom
Grammar & Usage
What did Mike say when

you invited him?
Bob
wont go/
werent going
He said hed join us if he

werent going
____________________
to
the airport this afternoon.
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59
Grammar & Usage
Complete the following sentences using the correct form of

the verbs in the box. Use each verb ONCE only. The first one
has been done for you.
P.233
60
Grammar & Usage
did
I dont know the details of their plan. If I ______________
,
I would tell you.
This is wonderful! If it werent a public holiday, I _________

wouldnt/would not be lying here on the beach.
_____________________________
had
Kelly is quick-tempered. If she _________________
better
self-control, she would have more friends.
werent/were not selling flags today, shed be

If Kate _________________________
cycling with us.
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BOX
61
Grammar & Usage
If my brother werent out of town, I ___________________

would/could ask
him to help me.
wouldnt/
The typhoon signal No.3 is up. If I were you, I __________
would not think
________________________
of going swimming today.
werent/were not
Im glad you came. If you ______________________
here,
Id be playing on the computer.
will fall
If we dont start work now, we _________________
behind
schedule.
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BOX
63
Grammar & Usage
werent/were not raining

If it _____________________________
, hed be here by now.
hadnt/had not been caught in a traffic jam, I would

10 If I ____________________________
have been here on time.
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BOX
65
Grammar & Usage
Read what happened, and then write a sentence saying what

could have happened. The first one has been done for you.
P.234
67
Grammar & Usage
I didnt have time. I didnt go shopping.

If I had had time, I would have gone shopping.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
I didnt see you. I didnt say hello.

If Id/I had seen you, I wouldve/would have said
________________________________________________
hello.
________________________________________________
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68
Grammar & Usage
She dropped the glass. It was wet and slippery.

If the glass had not been wet and slippery, she
________________________________________________
wouldnt/would not have dropped it.
________________________________________________
The principal stopped his speech suddenly. The students

listening were so surprised.
If the principal hadnt/had not stopped his
________________________________________________
speech suddenly, the students listening
________________________________________________
wouldnt/would not have been so surprised.
________________________________________________
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69
Grammar & Usage
He wasnt injured. He was wearing a seat-belt.

If he hadnt/he had not been wearing a seat-belt,
________________________________________________
he wouldve/would have been injured.
________________________________________________
The traffic lights broke down. The traffic was held up for
half an hour.
If the traffic lights hadnt/had not broken down,
________________________________________________
the traffic wouldnt/would not have been held up
________________________________________________
for half an hour.
________________________________________________
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70
Grammar & Usage
Mrs Wong didnt buy the coat because she didnt think it would
suit her.
If Mrs Wong had thought the coat would suit
________________________________________________
her,
________________________________________________
she wouldve/would have bought it.
He scored such high marks as a result of hard work.
If he hadnt/he had not worked hard, he
________________________________________________
wouldnt/would not/mightnt/might not have
________________________________________________
scored such high marks.
________________________________________________
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71
Grammar & Usage
The fire did not spread because the firefighters put it out
quickly.
If the firefighters hadnt/had not put out the fire
________________________________________________
quickly, it wouldve/would have/mightve/might
________________________________________________
have spread.
________________________________________________
10 Everybody was excited about the swimming gala. All the

students attended it.
If no one was excited about the swimming gala,
________________________________________________
few/no students would have attended it.
________________________________________________
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72
Grammar & Usage
Complete the following sentences using the given words. The

first one has been done for you.
P.235
73
Grammar & Usage
will/may win
The game is going well. If we act now, we _______________
(win) the cup.
might/
Thanks, Bob. If you hadnt reminded me, I _____________
would have forgotten
__________________________
(forget) Jimmys birthday.
wouldnt/would
I dont trust him. If I were you, I _____________________
not listen
_________________
(not/listen) to him.
had been
He wasnt at Jills party last night. If he ________________
(be) there, Id have seen him.
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74
Grammar & Usage
floats
If you pour oil on water, it ________________
(float).
will catch
Wear your coat, or you ____________________
(catch)
a cold.
are going/go
I wont go to the cinema unless you __________________
(go), too.
would you
Supposing what he said were true, what ________________
do
______________
(you/do) about it?
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75
Grammar & Usage
are
If you ________________
(be) hungry, help yourself to some
fruit.
ve/have finished
10 If you ______________________
(finish) your homework,
you can go to your friends house, Mrs Lai said to her son.
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76
Grammar & Usage
Rewrite the following sentences, using the words in brackets.

The first one has been done for you.
P.235
77
Grammar & Usage
If you dont study, you wont pass your examination.

(unless)
You wont pass your examinations unless you
________________________________________________
study.
________________________________________________
If you go to bed early, youll feel refreshed in the morning.

(and)
to bed early and youll feel refreshed in the
Go _____________________________________________
morning.
________________________________________________
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78
Grammar & Usage
Ill go to the party if you go too. (provided)

Ill go to the party provided you go too.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
If you dont train for the football match, youll perform badly.
(or else)
for the football match, or else youll
Train ___________________________________________
perform badly/not perform well.
________________________________________________
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79
Grammar & Usage
If you dont hurry up, youll be late for school. (or)

Hurry up or youll be late for school.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
You can borrow my book if you return it by the weekend. (on

condition that)
You can borrow my book on condition that you
________________________________________________
return it by the weekend.
________________________________________________
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80
Grammar & Usage
You can stay and watch us rehearse if you are very quiet.
(as long as)
As long as you are very quiet, you can stay and
________________________________________________
watch us rehearse.
________________________________________________
If I hadnt checked my dictionary, I wouldnt have known

the meaning of that word. (without)
Without having checked my dictionary, I
________________________________________________
wouldnt have known the meaning of that word.
________________________________________________
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81
Grammar & Usage
You must be able to swim if you want to learn to canoe.

(unless)
You cant learn to canoe unless you are able to
________________________________________________
swim.
________________________________________________
10 If you dont take a map with you, youre sure to lose your
way. (otherwise)
Take a map with you, otherwise youre sure to
________________________________________________
lose your way.
________________________________________________
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82
Grammar & Usage
Some of the underlined expressions are incorrect. Correct

errors by writing the correction above the underlined
expression. If it is correct, put a at the end of the sentence.
The first two have been done for you.
P.236
83
Grammar & Usage
1 Unless you help me, I wont be able to finish
the job on time.

provided
2 You can use my car unless you drive it carefully.
or/otherwise
3 Take this umbrella and youll get wet.
4 If you just add some colour there, your painting will
be finished.
P.236
84
Grammar & Usage
so long as/if
Well go to the beach tomorrow otherwise it doesnt
rain.
Ill buy the dress as long as its not too expensive.
Unless
Provided that my father lends me the money, I wont
be able to buy that book.
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85
Grammar & Usage
He took the MTR. Otherwise, he would have been
held up in the traffic jam.

9
if
Ill probably go for a walk after lunch when the weather
is good.
10 Shell come as long as your sister is coming, too.
P.236
86
Grammar & Usage
Language Practice
Complete the following conversation by inserting ONE
word which best completes the meaning. The first one has
been done for you.
P.237
87
Paul
Grammar & Usage
Have you (1) this article? It (2) that
(1)
read
____________
using a mobile phone is a danger
(2)
____________
says
(3)
____________
to
(4)
which
____________
(3)
our health.
Derek
How?
Paul
Well, apparently, radio waves from

the handset might damage DNA and
destroy the cell repair system, (4)
can cause tumours in some cases.
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88
Jane
Grammar & Usage
Dont panic though, because

according to the article, scientists (5)
(5)
around
____________
the world are not in agreement about

(6)
this
. Some scientists (7) Australia have (6) ____________
pointed out that animals studies have
(7)
in
____________
shown that radiation from mobile

phones doesnt trigger the growth of
tumours.
P.237
89
Grammar & Usage
Paul
So is it safe to use mobile phones?
Derek
The World Health Organisation has

called (8) more research (9) any
(8)
for
____________
potential health hazards related to
(9)
into/on
____________
(10)
____________
were
mobile phones. The results may be

positive or negative. But I think itll
be okay. If there (10) serious
concerns,
governments would issue warnings.
P.237
90
Jane
Grammar & Usage
Youve (11) a point. Its good to
(11)
____________
got
its being investigated.
(12)
____________
know
(12)
P.237
91
Grammar & Usage
Decide which of the given choices would best complete the

following article if inserted in the blanks. The first one has
been done for you.
P.238
92
Grammar & Usage
Do you watch the clock? Are you highly competitive? Do

you find (1) difficult to relax and have a(n) (2) craving for
perfection? (3) you ticked yes to all the above,
you have a Type A personality. This, (4) , doesnt
make you superior to your fellow human beings.
(5) ,
it means you may have a(n) (6) chance of heart
problems in the future.

(1) A
B
C
D
you are
there is
it
how
(2) A
B
C
D
constant
increasingly
amazingly
fascinated
P.238
93
Grammar & Usage

(5) ,

(3) A
B
C
D
On condition that
If
As long as
Unless
(4) A
B
C
D
despite the fact

as a result
it turns out
however
P.238
94
Grammar & Usage

(5) ,

(5) A
B
C
D
On the contrary
In this way
Just as well
To illustrate
(6) A
B
C
D
highly
increased
decreased
lowly
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95
Grammar & Usage
At least, thats the view (7) cardiologist* Bernard Wong.

He says Type As (8) probably form a large proportion of
adults in (9) Hong Kong should have regular health checks
(10)
they may be more prone (11) chest pain a(n) (12)
indication of a need to relax and de-stress.

* cardiologist: a doctor who specialises in and treats heart diseases
(7) A
B
C
D
of
with
to
for
(8) A
B
C
D
of whom
that
who
whose
P.238
96
Grammar & Usage

(10)

(9) A
B
C
D
commercial hub
rapid development
speaking highly of
fast-paced
(10) A
B
C
D
on account
because
so often that
for the sake
P.238
97
Grammar & Usage

(10)

(11) A
B
C
D
of
in
be
to
(12) A
B
C
D
obviously
possible
undeniably
well accept
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98
Grammar & Usage
Wong (13) notes that the heart pumps two litres of blood
per minute (14) a person is at rest, (15) this rate can increase
sevenfold as people become (16) or filled (17) intense emotion
when, for instance, (18) sport.
(13) A
B
C
D
goes on
continue
further
in detail
(14) A
B
C
D
when
whereas
if
although
P.238-239
99
Grammar & Usage
(15) A
B
C
D
even though
but
no matter what
not until
(16) A
B
C
D
overwork
in a frenzy
actively
excited
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100
Grammar & Usage
(17) A
B
C
D
with
because
for
according to
(18) A
B
C
D
do
playing
engaged
participating
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101
Grammar & Usage
Type A personalities may experience more heightened levels

of tension than other adults, (19) them more vulnerable to
chest pain as their heart is (20) at a heightened rate
frequently.
(19) A
B
C
D
leave
making
causing
led
(20) A
B
C
D
working
tiring
exhaust
pump blood
P.238-239
102

G&U S SetBU27

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G&U S SetBU27

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DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Grammar & Usage

Grammar & Usage

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Grammar & Usage

27.1 Zero conditional

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Grammar & Usage

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Grammar & Usage

main clause (result clause)

If you dont water plants, they die.

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Grammar & Usage

27.2 First conditional

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Grammar & Usage

main clause (result clause)

will + bare infinitive

If you want to read the book, I will lend it to you.

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Grammar & Usage

We use can/may in the main clause instead of will

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Grammar & Usage

We can use the present perfect or present

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Grammar & Usage

We can use should in the if-clause if we are less

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Grammar & Usage

We can use would in the if-clause to make a request.

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Grammar & Usage

We can also use any expressions that give advice or

If you dont feel well,

you ought not to be working

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Grammar & Usage

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Grammar & Usage

27.3 Second conditional

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 27 Conditional sentences

Grammar & Usage

main clause (result clause)

would + bare infinitive

If I had time, I would help you.