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- Werner Heisenberg
is a function of r, , .
separable.
ay be a product of three functions.
Equation 7.3
quation 7.3 into three separate differential equations, each depending on one
7.4) into Eq (7.3) and separate the resulting equation into three equations: R
Variables
s from Eq (7.4)
m into Eq (7.3)
Only r and appear on the left side and only appears on the right
side of Eq (7.7)
The left side of the equation cannot change as changes.
The right side cannot change with either r or .
The derivative of
solution
A is a normalized constant.
0 is a constant with the dimension of length.
ake derivatives of R and insert them into Eq (7.13).
atisfy Eq (7.14) for any r is for each of the two expressions in parentheses to
et the second parentheses equal to zero and solve for a0.
Quantum Numbers
= 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .
m = , + 1, . . . , 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, . . , 1,
|m| and < 0.
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n = 1, 2, 3, 4, . . .
Integer
= 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , n 1
Integer
m = , + 1, . . . , 0, 1, . . . , 1, Integer
n>0
<n
|m|
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The negative means the energy E indicates that the electron and
proton are bound together.
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It is associated with the R(r) and f() parts of the wave function.
is related to L by
In an = 0 state,
with L = mvorbitalr.
.
.
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= 0 1
Letter = s
2
p
3
d
4
f
5...
g h...
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is fixed
because Lz is quantized.
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d the spectral lines emitted by atoms in a magnetic field split into multiple e
magnet.
current loop of I = dq / dt around the nucleus.
= IA and the period T = 2r / v.
the orbital
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and
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Energy
E0 + BB
E0
E0 BB
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The m = +1 state will be deflected down, the m = 1 state up, and the
m = 0 state will be undeflected.
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Intrinsic Spin
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Intrinsic Spin
.
is a consequence of theory
The z component of
no splitting due to
In = 0 state
.
.
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Selection Rules
Allowed transitions:
Electrons absorbing or emitting photons to change states when
= 1.
Forbidden transitions:
Other transitions possible but occur with much smaller
probabilities when 1.
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Therefore,
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The probability density for the hydrogen atom for three different
electron states.
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