Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Prof. Suvranu De
Introduction
Info
Course Instructor:
Professor Suvranu De
email: des@rpi.edu
JEC room: 2049
Tel: 6351
Office hours: T/F 2:00 pm-3:00 pm
Course website:
http://www.rpi.edu/~des/IFEA2015Fall.html
Info
Practicum Instructor:
Professor Jeff Morris
email: morrij5@rpi.edu
JEC room: JEC 7030
Tel: X2613
Office hours: http://homepages.rpi.edu/~morrij5/Office_schedule.png
Info
TA:
Kartik Josyula
email: josyuk@rpi.edu
JEC room: CII 9219
Office hours: M: 5-6pm, R:3:30-4:30pm
Course grades
Grades will be based on:
1. Home works (15 %).
2. Practicum exercises (10 %) to be handed in within a
week of assignment.
3. Course project (25 %)to be handed in by December
11th (by noon)
4. Two in-class quizzes (2x25%) on 16th October, 11th
December
1) All write ups that you present MUST contain
your name and RIN
2) There will be reading quizzes (announced AS WELL AS
unannounced) on a regular basis and points from these quizzes
will be added on to the homework
Homeworks (15%)
1. Be as detailed and explicit as possible. For full
credit Do NOT omit steps.
2. Only neatly written homeworks will be graded
3. Late homeworks will NOT be accepted.
4. Two lowest grades will be dropped (except HW
#1).
5. Solutions will be posted on the course website
Practicum (10%)
1. Five classes designated as Practicum.
2. You will need to download and install NX 10 on
your laptops and bring them to class on these days.
3. At the end of each practicum, you will be assigned
a single problem (worth 2 points).
4. You will need to hand in the solution to the TA
within a week of the assignment.
5. No late submissions will be entertained.
Fixed boundary
uniform loading
Finite element
Cantilever plate
model
in plane strain
Approximate method
Geometric model
Element Node
Element
Mesh
Discretization
Node
Course content
1. Direct Stiffness approach for springs
2. Bar elements and truss analysis
3. Introduction to boundary value problems: strong form, principle of
minimum potential energy and principle of virtual work.
4. Displacement-based finite element formulation in 1D: formation of
stiffness matrix and load vector, numerical integration.
5. Displacement-based finite element formulation in 2D: formation of
stiffness matrix and load vector for CST and quadrilateral elements.
6. Discussion on issues in practical FEM modeling
7. Convergence of finite element results
8. Higher order elements
9. Isoparametric formulation
10. Numerical integration in 2D
11. Solution of linear algebraic equations
M
M
M
M
M
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
3x4
1
2
2
2
333
2
What is a matrix?
a12a321a34
What is a vector?
0
0
03x4I3x
101
Special matrices
1
2
4
a
b
c
A
3d
0
7
B
d
e
f
5
g
h
i
g
a
1
,9
,3eh
b
,0
2
4
7
15.
Matrix operations
Equality of matrices
1
2
4
1
3
1
0
C
A
B
3
0
7
B
5
6
0
4
617
Matrix operations
Addition of two
matrices
A
0
B
A
CBC
Addition of of matrices
Matrix operations
Properties
1
2
4
c
A
3
0
7
c
3
9
5
2
6
1
2
73
Matrix operations
Multiplication by a
scalar
1
2
4
c
A
3
0
7
c
1
9
5
-A
1
2
4
90
7
5
Matrix operations
Multiplication by a
scalar
Special case
1
2
4
1
3
1
0
N
C
A
te
3
0
7
B
5
6
9
h
a
B
1
6
t
A
-8
0
7
a
n
d
0
-A
Matrix operations
Subtraction
1
2
4
1
3
9
A
9
307
5
T
A
2
0
1
475
Special
operations
Transpose
Special
operations
Transpose
a
b
a
T
b
1
1
32;a
1b
2
3
2
a3b
Matrix operations
Matrix operations
Matrix multiplication
inside
outside
B
rxn
AB
mxn
1
2
4
1
3
C
33xx2
A
3
0
7
B
3
x
2
9
5
0
A
T
3
1
1
B
1
9
n
o
t
i
c
e
2
3
7
2
84
Matrix operations
Matrix multiplication
A
B
A
in
g
eral
Matrix operations
Multiplication of
matrices
Properties
BATIBC;TAABCAA0;A0
A
Matrix operations
Multiplication of
matrices
Properties
0
A
B
C
A
B
0
Matrix operations
Miscellaneous
properties
A
B
A
I
Inverse of a
matrix
Definition
Then
(a)The matrix A is called invertible, and
(b) the matrix B is the inverse of A and is
denoted as A-1.
The inverse of a matrix is unique
I
A
B
A
C
(B
)B
C
Inverse of a
matrix
Uniqueness
kAk1A
Inverse of a
matrix
1
-
1-1
Some properties
ABA
1
PA
A
)B
(P
A
Irr-e
B
1
le
t1m
m
i1u
u
p
y
n
g
b
o
t
h
s
i
d
e
b
y
A
1
A
B
A
-1
ltiB
p
t1A
y
n
g
b
o
h
s
id
e
b
y
B
Inverse of a
matrix
Properties
a1a12;de12t(A;)deat1(A)a12a12
A
A
What is a determinant?
1
3
det(A
)1573173A
5587
Example 1
a
a
a
a
a
A
d
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
2
e
t(A
23)
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
a13231
a12312
a
13213
-1012
2
4
3 1
A
24
3
2
4
01
0
Example
0 -8
32
2
7
8
3
4
0
a
a
M
12A
1
1
2
1
3
2
2
3213233
a213
a
2
1
2
3
a231C
M
3
2
12
Cofactor method
What is a cofactor?
If A is a square matrix
21401-23 C
M
33(12)(340)M
2304314
What is a cofactor?
Sign of cofactor
Minor
Cofactor
j
n
iddeett((A
1
n
)A
a)a1i1jC
C
aai22jC
C
aainnjC
C
1 0
-3
3 4
-1 5
-2
0 1
4
det(A)=(1) 5
2 -2
1 1 3
3 4 0
- (-3) -1
- (0)
-1
2 -2
+2
-1
5 -2
= (1)(35)-0+(2)(62)-(-3)(13)=198
Example : evaluate
5 -3
det(A)=
2
1 0
det(A)=a13C13 +a23C23+a33C33
1
det(A)= -3* (-1)4
3
0
-1
+2*(-1)5
-1
= det(A)= -3(-1-0)+2(-1)5(-1-15)+2(0-5)=25
+2*(-1)6
U
dk
Quadratic form
The scalar
Td
vksqeucatorm
atix
d
kdk
U
dd1
(T1kk22122
2112d12)2
1
1
1
2
2k121d22(12k12
kd212d)
Quadratic form
Let
Then
Symmetric
matrix
dU
k12112d2k122d
Differentiate U wrt d2
U
U
d
k2 1212d12
2k2
d
1
Outline
Role of FEM simulation in Engineering
Design
Course Philosophy
http://www.airbus.com/en/aircraftfamilies/a380/
Question
What is the drag force distribution on the aircraft?
Solve
Navier-Stokes Partial Differential Equations.
Recent Developments
Multigrid Methods for Unstructured Grids
Crush Analysis of
Ford Windstar
Question
What is the load-deformation relation?
Solve
Partial Differential Equations of Continuum Mechanics
Recent Developments
Meshless Methods, Iterative methods, Automatic Error Control
Engine Thermal
Analysis
Picture from
http://www.adina.com
Question
What is the temperature distribution in the engine block?
Solve
Poisson Partial Differential Equation.
Recent Developments
Fast Integral Equation Solvers, Monte-Carlo Methods
Electromagnetic
Analysis of Packages
Thanks to
Coventor
http://www.cov
entor.com
Solve
Maxwells Partial Differential Equations
Recent Developments
Fast Solvers for Integral Formulations
Micromachine Device
Performance Analysis
From www.memscap.com
Equations
Elastomechanics, Electrostatics, Stokes Flow.
Recent Developments
Fast Integral Equation Solvers, Matrix-Implicit Multi-level Newton
Methods for coupled domain problems.
Radiation Therapy of
Lung Cancer
http://www.simulia.com/academics/research_lung.html
Virtual Surgery
General scenario..
Engineering design
Physical Problem
Question regarding the problem
...how large are the deformations?
...how much is the heat transfer?
Mathematical model
Governed by differential
equations
Assumptions regarding
Geometry
Kinematics
Material law
Loading
Boundary conditions
Etc.
Example: A bracket
Engineering design
Physical problem
Questions:
1. What is the bending moment at section AA?
2. What is the deflection at the pin?
Finite Element Procedures, K J Bathe
W
L
,atlodW
2
7
5
0
N
c
m
3
(
1
W
L
r
)
W
(
L
r
)
N
N
5
I0
3
E
A
G
6
.5
c
m
Example: A bracket
Engineering design
Moment at section AA
Deflection at load
Mathematical model 1:
beam
Example: A bracket
Engineering design
Mathematical model 2:
plane stress
..General scenario..
Engineering design
Physical Problem
Mathematical model
Governed by differential
equations
Numerical model
e.g., finite element
model
..General scenario..
Engineering design
PREPROCESSING
1. Create a geometric model
2. Develop the finite element model
Solid model
..General scenario..
Engineering design
..General scenario..
Engineering design
..General scenario..
Engineering design
POSTPROCESSING
Compute moment at section AA
..General scenario..
Engineering design
Preprocessing
Step 1
Analysis
Step 2
Step 3
Postprocessing
M
,atlodW
2
7
5
0
N
c
m
.6
4
Example: A bracket
Engineering design
Mathematical model 2:
plane stress
Example: A bracket
Engineering design
Summary
Example:
...GeneralAscenario
bracket
Modeling a physical
problem
Change
physical
problem
Physical Problem
Mathematical
Model
Improve
mathematical
model
Numerical model
Does answer
make sense?
YES!
Happy
No!
Refine analysis
Design improvements
Structural optimization
Modeling a physical
problem
Verification
Example:and
A bracket
validation
Physical Problem
Validation
Mathematical
Model
Verification
Numerical model