To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Learning Objective:
Know the role of
merchant navy in supporting international
trade and commerce, development of ships
and shipping lines, organization of ship and
duties of engineers
Specific Objectives:

Explain the role of Classification Societies in ship

running

List the Classification Societies their main functions

Explain what a ships Survey is

Shipping History & Business: Classification

Society

DME/MECC/ Marine Engineering Knowledge/ Jan

2007 /RB

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES
The term Classification comes from the
fact that we sort out ships categories
according to the level of confidence we
assign them, further to the results of the
assessment carried out thereon.
The class is granted generally for a term of
5 years during which its validity is subject
to compulsory periodical surveys

Shipping History & Business: Classification

Society

DME/MECC/ Marine Engineering Knowledge/ Jan

2007 /RB

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

What is CLASS ?
It defines technical and safety
standards of a ship, which
reflects the risk of insuring a ship

Shipping History & Business: Classification

Society

DME/MECC/ Marine Engineering Knowledge/ Jan

2007 /RB

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Reasons to CLASS a ship

Determination of Fitness
Meet Requirement of jurisdictions
Possible lower insurance premiums
Indicates due negligence
Indicates proper maintenance in
performed
Assures that capital investment is
protected
Owner satisfaction
Shipping History & Business: Classification
Society

DME/MECC/ Marine Engineering Knowledge/ Jan

2007 /RB

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Classification enables..
The insurers to assess the premium relative to
the ship (hull insurance) and that relative to
the cargo (cargo insurance)
Hence, the owner to find an insurer who
accepts to cover the risk incurred by the ship
Then, the owner to charter his ship
The charterer to select advisedly the ship
whom he will entrust with his cargo
A future owner to assess the quality of the ship
prior to the purchase
The flag authorities to trust the ship and,
therefore, to register her into their fleet
Shipping History & Business: Classification
Society

DME/MECC/ Marine Engineering Knowledge/ Jan

2007 /RB

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

What is a Classification
Society?
A body that ensures that class of a
ship, however, with increasing
demands from all quarters of the
industry and the continuous
development of ship technology, the
societies have changed in form as a
consequences of accepting the
additional responsibilities
Shipping History & Business: Classification
Society

DME/MECC/ Marine Engineering Knowledge/ Jan

2007 /RB

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Role of Classification Societies

To assign a Class
notation
Maintenance of class
Relevant research
work
Statutory surveys
(marine
administration)
Charter surveys
Profitability advice (to
owner)
Shipping History & Business: Classification
Society

Development of
computer software
Set up worldwide
networks
Carry out surveys
Certification
Emergency technical
services

DME/MECC/ Marine Engineering Knowledge/ Jan

2007 /RB

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Classification Responsibilities
To ensure that merchant ships and
marine structure presented to it comply
with rules that the society had
established for design, construction and
periodic survey
Through its classification survey
procedure it is the intent of the society
to prevent vessel from falling into a
substandard condition.
Shipping History & Business: Classification
Society

DME/MECC/ Marine Engineering Knowledge/ Jan

2007 /RB

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Lloyd's Register (LR)

American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)
Bureau Veritas (BV)
Det Norske Veritas (DNV)
Registro Italiano Navale (RINA)
Class NK Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK)
Germanischer Lloyd (GL)
Shipping History & Business: Classification
Society

DME/MECC/ Marine Engineering Knowledge/ Jan

2007 /RB

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RS)

China Classification Society (CCS)
Trk Loydu Turkish Register of Shipping (TL)
Indian Register of Shipping (IRS)
Polski Rejestr Statkw (PRS)
Korean Register of Shipping (KR)
Hellenic Register of Shipping (HRS)
Shipping History & Business: Classification
Society

DME/MECC/ Marine Engineering Knowledge/ Jan 10

2007 /RB

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Survey Areas: Container Ships

Large distortion of
hatch opening for
hatch cover design

Bow flare impact

pressure

Transverse strength & fatigue

of longitudinal frame

LWL

High stress at hatch

corners forward of
machinery room

Pillar
bulkhead

Watertight
bulkheads

Cross deck structure

Shipping History & Business: Classification
Society

Connection of cross
deck beam to
longitudinal girder

Bottom slamming
impact pressure

High stress at
hatch corners in
forward hold

Hatch brackets
Connection of cross
deck
beam to upper
DME/MECC/
Marine Engineering Knowledge/ Jan 11
2007 /RB
deck

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

First year survey after construction

Deck features and
integrity
Overboard discharge
arrangement
Vent piping
Bilge level detection
(UMS)
Anchoring / mooring
equipment
Water-tight doors and
bulkhead penetrations

Shipping History & Business: Classification

Society

Steering test
Emergency escape
routes
Bilge pumping system
General conditions
hull and machinery
Satutory surveys
Surveys of continuous
survey items

DME/MECC/ Marine Engineering Knowledge/ Jan 12

2007 /RB

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Ten years survey after construction

Testing of tanks (FO,
LO, FW & DB tank)
- Pressure test
- Internal condition
- Stagger (tankers)
- Transverse webs
(cargo tank)
* Can be done in a float
condition

Shipping History & Business: Classification

Society

Annual surveys
Statutory surveys
Continuous surveys
Hull gauging
where necessary

DME/MECC/ Marine Engineering Knowledge/ Jan 13

2007 /RB

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

Summary
What is Classification?
Why ships are classed?
Significance in ship running
What is a Survey?

Shipping History & Business: Classification

Society

DME/MECC/ Marine Engineering Knowledge/ Jan 14

2007 /RB