Wireless Access in 2006

and Beyond
Matt Kolon
Mobility Architect
matt@juniper.net

Copyright 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.

Proprietary and Confidential

www.juniper.net

Agenda
Mobile technology overview
GSM, GPRS/EDGE and transition to UMTS WCDMA
CDMA and CDMA2000 transition to 3G
WLAN and mobile integration
Planning considerations for wireless access

Mobile Packet Networks

Service Domain

WiFi/WiMax

Host
Subscriber
Server (HSS)

Emergency
Alert System
(EAS)

Access Point

Call Session
Control
Function
(CSCF)

Site Router

Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)
Base Station
Controller (BSC)

Base Switching Station

(GSM/EDGE)

Mobile
Switching
Center (MSC)

UTRAN (WCDMA)

Media
Resource
Function (MRF)

Media
Gateway

Transit
Switching
Center (TSC)

PSTN/
ISDN

Serving GPRS
Support Node
(SGSN)

Mobile Packet Backbone

Network

Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)
Radio Network
Controller (RNC)

IP Multimedia Subsystem

Multimedia
Gateway

Gateway
GSN

Intranets/
Internet
WLAN Access
Server

Wireless evolution: 3 major streams

2G

2.5G

3G

IS-95B
CDMA

CDMA
IS-95A

1xRTT

1xEV-DO

1xEV-DV

CDMA2000
3xRTT

HSCSD
GSM

Wireless
Broadband

GSM

GPRS

WCDMA
Multiple phases

EDGE
WiFi

WiMAX

GSM evolution to 3G
High Speed Circuit Switched Data
Dedicate up to 4 timeslots for data connection
~ 50 kbps
Good for real-time applications c.w. GPRS
Inefficient -> ties up resources, even when
nothing sent
Enhanced
Not as popular as GPRS (many skipping
HSCSD) Data Rates for Global
GSM
Evolution
HSCSD
9.6kbps (one
Uses 8PSK modulation
timeslot)
3x improvement in data rate on short
GSM Data
distances
Also called CSD
Can fall back to GMSK for greater
GSM
GPRS distances
Combine with GPRS (EGPRS) ~ 384
kbps
WCDMA
General Packet Radio Services Can also be combined with HSCSD
Data rates up to ~ 115 kbps
EDGE
Max: 8 timeslots used as any one time
Packet switched; resources not tied up all the
time
Contention based. Efficient, but variable
delays
GSM / GPRS core network re-used by WCDMA

CDMA2000 evolution to 3G
IS-95B
Uses multiple code channels
Data rates up to 64kbps
Many operators gone direct to
1xRTT

CDMA
IS-95A
IS-95A
14.4 kbps
Core
network
re-used in
CDMA2000

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO: Evolved Data

Optimised
Third phase in CDMA2000 evolution
Standardised version of Qualcomm High Data
Rate (HDR)
IS-95B
Adds TDMA components beneath code
components
Good for highly asymmetric high speed data
CDMA2000
apps
1xEV-DO 1xEV-DV
3xRTT
Speeds to 2Mbps +, classed as a 3G system
Use new or existing spectrum
1xRTT
CDMA2000 1x Evolved DV
Fourth phase in CDMA2000
CDMA2000 1xRTT: single
evolution
carrier RTT
Still under development
First phase in CDMA2000 evolution
Speeds to 5Mbps+ (more than
Easy co-existence with IS-95A air
3xRTT!)
interface
Possible end game.
Release 0 - max 144 kbps
Release A max 384 kbps
Same core network as IS-95
6

3G Release 99 Packet switched

SCP
RNC

Iu r

3G MSC

AAL2
NodeB
USIM

Iu b

TDM

Iu cs
PSTN

IP/AAL5

Iu ps

HLR

AUC

IP

Gn

Gi

Internet
Corporate

3G SGSN

3G GGSN

Packet transfer to & from serving area

Registration, authentication
Mobility management
logical links to RNC, tunnel to GGSN
QoS

Multiple PDP contexts

QoS (GPRS extensions for
real time traffic classes
etc)

3G Release 4

TS 23.205 Split
TS 29.414
Bearer
Circuit switched
call control
server

BICC

Mc

H.248
MEGACO

(MSC Server)

Nb

NodeB
USIM

Media
Gateway

IP/AAL5

Split MSC into bearer and

control
Bearer independent CS
New MGCP, new CS call control
Streaming MMS service using
PS streaming service 26.233

(CS-MGW)

TDM
ATM
IP

Media
Gatewa
y

PSTN

Internet
Corporate

3G Release 5

23.228 IMS
25.933 IP
UTRAN
BICC

SIP
STACK

RTP
or
AAL2

UDP/IP or AAL2
NodeB

Iu cs

Iu b
Iu ps

USIM

Circuit switched
call control
server

H.248

TDM
ATM
IP

PSTN

IP/AAL5

Native IP UTRAN option

Call Session Control Function
IP multimedia control sub
system (IMS) IPv6, SIP based

Internet
Corporate

SIP IP Multimedia
CSCF

QoS enhancements (end-toend)

9

Mobile IP Applications
WiMAX networks
WLAN to cellular roaming
Inter GGSN or PDSN roaming
Wi-Fi
FA
Mobile
Node

WAP

Internet

ESS

FA

RAN

Mobile
Core
SGSN

HA
Home
Network

10

Mobile IP Interworking with

UMTS/GPRS

Recommends use of FA Care Of Addresses (CoA), not collocated, to conserve

IPv4 addresses

Source:
3GPP

11

Tight integration proposed by 3GPP

HLR

GPRS Tunneling Protocol

Client

Access Controller, RADIUS/SS-7

RADIUS Relay
GW

Authenticator
EAPoL

HLR

GGSN

GGSN

RADIUS
RADIUS

Client Authentication

Gr Interface

Create PDP Context {IP, transparent mode APN,

IMSI/NSAPI, MSISDN, dynamic address requested}
Create PDP Context Response {End User Address}
DHCP Discover

Client
IP Address
Assignment

DHCP Offer
DHCP Request
DHCP Ack {address = End User
address from GGSN}

Lease
expiration
Delete PDP Context Request

12

High Level IMS Architecture

SERVICE
PLANE

ABBREVIATIONS
SCIM: Service Capability Interaction Manager

SCIM
(Service Broker Platform)

MRFC: Multimedia Resource Function Controller

CSCF: Call Session Control Function
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
HLR: Home Location Register

MRFC

PDF: Policy Decision Function

I-CSCF

MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function

MGW: Media Gateway
GGSN: Gateway P\GPRS Support Node

BTS

RAN

WLAN

RNC
BSC

HLR

P-CSCF

BGCF

PDF

MGCF

SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node

Node B

HSS

MRFP
MG
W

MG
W

SGSN

GGSN

CONTROL
PLANE

BGCF: Breakout Gateway Control Function

S-CSCF

PSTN
PLMN
Intranet/
Internet

TRANSPORT PLANE

13

Thank You

14

Backup Slides

15

3GPP2 Reference Architecture

MSC/VLR

HLR

SS7
A
Reference
Point

A1

A2 A5

Ater
Reference
Point

A11

A9

Radio
Sourc
Network
e BSC
(RN)

A8

A3
A7

PCF

Aquinter
Reference
Point

A10

Pi

External IP
Network

PDS
N

Aquater
Reference
Point
(R-P Interface)

Sourc
e BTS
Target
BSC

Ref: 3GPP2 A.S0011

Ref: 3GPP2 A.S0011

16

GPRS: General Packet Radio Service

Circuit
Switched
U
m

BTS

SIM

SCP
BSC & PCU

Abis

TDM

A
PSTN

Packet
Switched
Core

FR
Gb

IP Network
Gn

Packet Control Unit

(PCU)

Serving GPRS Support Node

(SGSN)

Forward data frames

from TDM BSS to packet
core

Packet transfer to, from serving

area

New hardware in BSC

AUC

HLR

Registration, authentication,
mobility management /
handover, CDRs
logical links to BTS, tunnel to
GGSN

Gi

Internet
Corporate

Gateway GPRS Support

Node (GGSN)
Gateway to external IP
networks (VPN/ISP etc)
IP network security
GPRS session mgmt,
AAAA
CDRs for charging
17