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INTRODUCTION
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Data Communication
Definition
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What about
telecommunication ?
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Telecommunication Vs
Data Communication
Data Communication
process of transferring information from a sender to a receiver
with the use of a medium in which the communicated
information is understood by both sender and receiver.
Telecommunication
Used a vast array of technologies that send information over
distances. Mobile phones, land lines, satellite phones and
voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) are all telephony
technologies -- just one field of telecommunications. Radio,
television and networks are a few more examples of
telecommunication.
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Data Communication
Delivery
Data Communication
Figure 1.1
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Data Communication
Message Information to be
communicated=>text, numbers, pictures,
sound or video.
Sender device that sends the messagecomputer, telephone, video camera and so
on.
Receiver Device that receives the message
same as sender
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Data Communication
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Data Communication
Data representation
Text
- test represent as bit a bit pattern, a sequence of
bits (0s or
1s).
- different sets of bit patterns have been
designed
to
represent text symbols.
-ACSII (American Standard Code Interchange)
is a character-encoding scheme originally based
on the English alphabet
- Extended ASCII- consists of 128 decimal numbers
and
ranges from 128 through 255 (using the full
8-bits of the
byte) representing additional special,
mathematical, graphic, and foreign characters.
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Data Representation
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Data Communication
Direction of Flow
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Data Communication
Figure 1.2
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Simplex
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Data Communication
Half Duplex
Each station can both transmit and receive but not
at same time
entire capacity of channel can be utilized for each
direction
Eg Walkie-talkie
Full duplex
Both station can transmit and receive
simultaneously
The capacity of channel must divided between the
two devices
Eg telephone system
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Data Communication
Figure 1.3
Half-duplex
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Data Communication
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Networks
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Network Criteria
Performance
Measure in many way including
a) Response time elapsed time between an inquiry and a
response
b) Transit time
amount of time required for message to
travel from one device to another.
c) Throughput
- the average rate of successful message
delivery over a communication channel
d) Delay
specify how long it takes for a bit of data to
travel across the network from one node or
endpoint to another
Depends on a number of users, types of transmission
medium, capability of hardware and software
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Reliability
Frequency of failure: the time it take the link to
recover from a failure and the networks
robustness in catastrophe
Security
Security of data from: protect data from
unauthorized access, viruses
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Physical Structures
Types of Connection
Point to point
1.
multipoint
2.
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Physical Structures
Figure 1.5
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Point-to-point connection
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Physical Structures
Figure 1.6
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Multipoint connection
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Network Topology
MESH
STAR
BUS
RING
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Network Topology
Mesh
Easy to reroute
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Disadvantages
expensive
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Network Topology
Figure 1.8
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Network Topology
Star
Each point has a dedicated point to point only to a
central controller, called hub
It does not allow direct traffic between devices
Advantage
Less cabling-less expensive than mesh topology
Easy to install and reconfigure
To easy fault identification and fault isolation
Disadvantage
More cabling required compared some other
topologies
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Network Topology
Figure 1.9
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Star topology
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Network Topology
Bus
One long cable act as backbone to link all devices in
the network
Node are connected to the bus by drop lines and tap.
Advantages
Easy to install
Use less cable with one long backbone
Disadvantages
Difficult to reconfigure
Any tab to the backbone will degrade the quality of
the network
Fault of the backbone will stop all transmission
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Network Topology
Figure 1.10
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Bus topology
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Network Topology
Ring
Has a dedicate point to point only with two
devices on either side.
Signal pass in along ring in one direction from
device to device until reach destination
Each device act as repeater.
Advantage
Easy to install and reconfigure
Disadvantage
Unidirectional traffic can be disadvantage
A break in a ring can disable entire network
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Network Topology
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Categories of Network
Figure 1.12
Categories of networks
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Categories of Network
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Categories of Network
Figure 1.13
LAN
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Categories of Network
Figure 1.13
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LAN (Continued)
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Categories of Network
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Categories of Network
Figure 1.14
MAN
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Categories of Network
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Categories of Network
Figure 1.15
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WAN
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The Internet
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The Internet
Figure 1.16
Internet today
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Protocols
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Syntax
The structure or format of data, eg the first eight bits
to be the address of sender, the second is the address
of the receiver and the remains are the message
Semantics
The meaning of each sections of bits, means how is a
particular pattern to be interpreted eg does an
address identify the route to be taken
Timing
Refers to two characteristics, when data should be
sent and how fast they can be sent
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Standards
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Standards Organization
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Standards Organizations
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Standards Organizations
An association of electronics
manufacturers in US that responsible
for developing EIA standards
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End of Chapter 1
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