CHAPTER 7:

RESPIRATION
7.2 The Respiratory
Structures And Breathing
Mechanisms In Humans
And Animals

Respirat
ory
Structure
In Some
Animals

Respiratory Structures in
Unicellular Organism
through plasma membrane.
have a large surface area compared to the
volume of their body.
Movement of the respiratory gases
between the respiratory surface and the
external environment is by diffusion
The larger the size, the smaller the surface
area per unit volume thus, the volume of
the body that requires oxygen increases
much more rapidly than the surface area.

Amoeba Sp.

Respiratory Structure In Insects

Known as tracheal system.
Consists of air tube called tracheae.
Air enters trachea through spiracles.
The tracheae branch into fine tubes called
tracheole.
Larger insects have air sacs in their tracheal
system.
The movements of the abdominal muscle will
compress and expand the tracheae to speed
up the diffusion of gasses into the cells.

Respiratory Structure Of Fish

Through gills.
Bony fish have four pairs of gills.
Supported by a gill arch and
protected by operculum.
Each gill have two rows of thin
filaments arranged in V shape.
The filaments have a thin plate called
lamellae.

The Structural Adaptation Of Gills

o Thin membranes to allow the absorption of
respiratory gasses into the blood capillaries.
o Rich of blood capillaries for efficient
exchange and transport of respiratory
gasses.
o Surrounded by water which enable
respiratory gasses to be dissolve.
o Large surface area of filaments and lamellae
for efficient gasses exchange.

The Breathing Mechanism Of

Fish

Respiratory Structure
Of Amphibians

EXCHANGES OF GASES OCCURS

THROUGH
SKIN AND LUNGS.

Adaptation Of
The Skin
The skin is thin and
highly permeable.

Beneath the skin is a

network of blood
capillaries.

Function
To allow the
absorption of
respiratory gases into
the blood capillary.

To receive oxygen
and transport it to
body cells.
The skin is kept moist Facilitate rapid and
by secretion of mucus efficient exchange of
by glands found on
gases between the
the surface of the
skin and the

A Frogs Lung

Adaptation Of
The Lung

Function

Having numerous
inner partition.

To increase the
surface area for
gases changes.

Covered with a rich

network of blood
capillaries.

To receive oxygen
and transport it to
body cells.

The membrane of the Facilitated the

lungs are thin and
efficient diffusion of
moist.
respiratory gases in
and out rapidly.

The Breathing Mechanism

Of Frog

Respiratory Structure Of
Human
o Exchanges of gases in human takes place in the lungs.
o Air enters the lungs through:

o Trachea is supported by cartilage which keep it from collapse during inhalation.

Structure of human lungs

Features of Alveoli And Its

Function

Breathing Mechanism In
Human

THE END ;-)

by Izzah and Ayla